ArticleWorld journal of diabetes2021
Causal effect of education on type 2 diabetes: A network Mendelian randomization study.
Article in World journal of diabetes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic position, genetic susceptibility, and epigenetic profiles in obesity across the life course: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- Educational attainment and diabetes risk: triangulation evidence from UK Biobank prospective cohort, NHANES 2011-2018, and cross-trait genomics analyses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between blood lead levels and hyperlipidemiais: Results from the NHANES (1999-2018).Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC rheumatology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe causality between education and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear.
aimTo identify the causality between education and T2DM and the potential metabolic risk factors [coronary heart disease (CHD), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin] from summarized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data used a network Mendelian randomization (MR).
methodsTwo-sample MR and network MR were performed to obtain the causality between education-T2DM, education-mediator, and mediator-T2DM. Summary statistics from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (discovery data) and Neale Lab consortium (replication data) were used for education and DIAGRAMplusMetabochip for T2DM.
resultsThe odds ratio for T2DM was 0.392 (95%CI: 0.263-0.583) per standard deviation increase (3.6 years) in education by the inverse variance weighted method, without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Education was genetically associated with CHD, TG, BMI, WC, and WHR in the discovery phase, yet only the results for CHD, BMI, and WC were replicated in the replication data. Moreover, BMI was genetically associated with T2DM.
conclusionShort education was found to be associated with an increased T2DM risk. BMI might serve as a potential mediator between them.
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