SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2021
Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study.
Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 123 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of clonal haematopoiesis with heart failure incidence and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of probiotics and polyphenols on adults with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Potential preventive effects of selected traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy on hypertensive heart disease progression by replenishing qi and activating blood circulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Body Composition and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in 1 Million Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Blood Pressure in the Early 40s on Left Atrial Volumes in the Mid-60s: Data From the ACE 1950 Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Article
- A multidisciplinary algorithmic approach to psoriasis with cardiovascular comorbidities: integrating dermatology, internal medicine, cardiology and primary care.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- Identifying risk individuals for heart failure diagnosis within two years in the adult population in southern Sweden using gender, age, multimorbidity level, and socioeconomic status.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Long-Term Impact of Clinical Obesity on Heart Failure Development and Prognosis: New Insights.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Mortality patterns of the ten leading causes of cardiovascular diseases in Northern Iran: a joinpoint regression analysis (2011-2023).BMC public health · 2026Article
- The Impact of Risk Factors and Comorbidities on Heart Failure in the Aging Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Frailty and long-term outcomes in younger patients with acute myocardial infarction.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Life stage-specific heterogeneity in the effects of adiposity transition on hypertension incidence and resolution.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Volume retention after left atrial appendage occlusion: incidence and risk factors.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Article
- A Clinical Prediction Model for Selective NT-proBNP Testing in Hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Life's essential 8 and longevity: the sustained impact of cardiovascular health on mortality from middle age to centenarians.npj aging · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Acoramidis in Japanese Adults With Symptomatic Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy.Circulation reports · 2026Article
- Impact of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: a large-scale cohort study in Korea.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Real-World Association of SGLT2 Inhibitors with Mortality in Very Elderly Patients with HFrEF and CKD.Biomedicines · 2026Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess age differences in risk factors for incident heart failure in the general population.
designPooled population based cohort study.
settingFramingham Heart Study, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
participants24 675 participants without a history of heart failure stratified by age into young (<55 years; n=11 599), middle aged (55-64 years; n=5587), old (65-74 years; n=5190), and elderly (≥75 years; n=2299) individuals.
main outcome measureIncident heart failure.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 138/11 599 (1%), 293/5587 (5%), 538/5190 (10%), and 412/2299 (18%) of young, middle aged, old, and elderly participants, respectively, developed heart failure. In young participants, 32% (n=44) of heart failure cases were classified as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared with 43% (n=179) in elderly participants. Risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, current smoking history, and previous myocardial infarction conferred greater relative risk in younger compared with older participants (P for interaction <0.05 for all). For example, hypertension was associated with a threefold increase in risk of future heart failure in young participants (hazard ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 2.10 to 4.34; P<0.001) compared with a 1.4-fold risk in elderly participants (1.43, 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003). The absolute risk for developing heart failure was lower in younger than in older participants with and without risk factors. Importantly, known risk factors explained a greater proportion of overall population attributable risk for heart failure in young participants (75%
conclusionsDespite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.