ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2021
Symmetry and fluctuation of cell movements in neural crest-derived facial mesenchyme.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of Rho GTPases in facial morphogenesis.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026Review
- The abnormal C-terminus caused by DVL1 variants impacts Robinow syndrome phenotypes.Human molecular genetics · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional cellular dynamics and mandibular morphogenesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Downstream branches of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling act interdependently to shape the face.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- Craniofacial studies in chicken embryos confirm the pathogenicity of human FZD2 variants associated with Robinow syndrome.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the face, symmetry is established when bilateral streams of neural crest cells leave the neural tube at the same time, follow identical migration routes and then give rise to the facial prominences. However, developmental instability exists, particularly surrounding the steps of lip fusion. The causes of instability are unknown but inability to cope with developmental fluctuations are a likely cause of congenital malformations, such as non-syndromic orofacial clefts. Here, we tracked cell movements over time in the frontonasal mass, which forms the facial midline and participates in lip fusion, using live-cell imaging of chick embryos. Our mathematical examination of cell velocity vectors uncovered temporal fluctuations in several parameters, including order/disorder, symmetry/asymmetry and divergence/convergence. We found that treatment with a Rho GTPase inhibitor completely disrupted the temporal fluctuations in all measures and blocked morphogenesis. Thus, we discovered that genetic control of symmetry extends to mesenchymal cell movements and that these movements are of the type that could be perturbed in asymmetrical malformations, such as non-syndromic cleft lip. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Registered trials
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