ReviewPeptides2021
Demystifying functional role of cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) peptide in control of energy homeostasis: A twenty-five year expedition.
Review in Peptides, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) in Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The critical role of gut-brain signalling in eating behaviour and obesity.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Serum Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) Levels in Graves' Disease: Associations with Metabolic Status, Autoimmunity, and Thyroid Ultrasound Heterogeneity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcripts in two percomorphs: evolutionary conservation and energy-status dependent responses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Neurochemical and Genetic Alterations in Chronic Stimulant (Crystal and Captagon) Users: A Comparative Analysis of Monoamine Biomarkers and Addiction-Related Gene Expression.Biochemistry research international · 2026Article
- Diet-Driven Microglial Activation: Region-Specific Neuroinflammation in the Mouse Brain.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Vagal Sensory Gut-Brain Pathways That Control Eating-Satiety and Beyond.Comprehensive physiology · 2025Review
- Special Issue "Cancer Biomarker: Current Status and Future Perspectives".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unlocking Fertility: How Nitric Oxide Pathways Connect Obesity and Reproductive Health-The Role of Bariatric Surgery.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases.Experimental neurobiology · 2023Review
- Convergent Energy State-Dependent Antagonistic Signaling by Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Modulates the Plasticity of Forebrain Neurons to Regulate Feeding in Zebrafish.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Antidepressant Response and Stress Resilience Are Promoted by CART Peptides in GABAergic Neurons of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Influence of bisphenol A and its analog bisphenol S on cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide-positive enteric neurons in the mouse gastrointestinal tract.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Astrocyte heterogeneity within white matter tracts and a unique subpopulation of optic nerve head astrocytes.iScience · 2022Article
- Commentary: GPR160 De-Orphanization Reveals Critical Roles in Neuropathic Pain in Rodents (Finally, a Receptor for CART Peptide).Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide first discovered in the striatum of the rat brain. Later, the genetic sequence and function of CART peptide (CARTp) was found to be conserved among multiple mammalian species. Over the 25 years, since its discovery, CART mRNA (Cartpt) expression has been reported widely throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems underscoring its role in diverse physiological functions. Here, we review the localization and function of CARTp as it relates to energy homeostasis. We summarize the expression changes of central and peripheral Cartpt in response to metabolic states and make use of available large data sets to gain additional insights into the anatomy of the Cartpt expressing vagal neurons and their expression patterns in the gut. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the role of CARTp as an anorexigenic signal and its effect on energy expenditure and body weight control with insights from both pharmacological and transgenic animal studies. Subsequently, we discuss the role of CARTp in the pathophysiology of obesity and review important new developments towards identifying a candidate receptor for CARTp signalling. Altogether, the field of CARTp research has made rapid and substantial progress recently, and we review the case for considering CARTp as a potential therapeutic target for stemming the obesity epidemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.