ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Evidence of upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in late-life depression.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Patients With Unipolar Depression Compared With Healthy Control Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The interaction between the immune system and the autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: a scoping review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Identifying subphenotypes of patients undergoing post-operative delirium assessment.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Observational
- Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: an innovative strategy for treating diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Association Between Daytime Sleepiness and Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation of Cognitive Dysfunction and Depressive Symptoms.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Understanding immune system dysfunction and its context in mood disorders: psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology and clinical interventions.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Evidence for reduced anti-inflammatory microglial phagocytic response in late-life major depression.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Distinguishing features of depression in dementia from primary psychiatric disease.Discover mental health · 2024Review
- Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 was not altered by rTMS in patients with treatment-resistant depression.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Article
- Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Innervation Induces Depression-Like Behaviors Through Ventral Subiculum Hyperactivation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Article
- The Intervention of Prebiotics on Depression via the Gut-Brain Axis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Association of CSF sTREM2, a marker of microglia activation, with cholinergic basal forebrain volume in major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Article
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDecreased cholinergic tone associated with increased proinflammatory cytokines has been observed in several human diseases associated with low-grade inflammation. We examined if this attenuated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) mechanism contributed to increased neuroinflammation observed in depression.
methodsWe measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cholinergic markers (AChE and BChE activities) in 28 individuals with longstanding late-life major depression (LLMD) and 19 controls and their relationship to central and peripheral levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Additionally, we examined if these cholinergic indices were related to CSF markers of microglial activation and neuroinflammation (sTREM2 and complement C3).
resultsCompared with controls, LLMD patients had a significant reduction in CSF BChE levels. Lower CSF BChE and AChE activities were associated with lower CSF markers of microglial and neuroinflammation (sTREM2 and C3). In addition, in LLMD patients we found an inverse relationship between peripheral marker of inflammation (plasma IL-6) and CSF BChE and AChE levels.
conclusionsOur results suggest an upregulation of the CAP mechanism in LLMD with an elevation in peripheral markers of inflammation and concomitant reduction in markers of glial activation associated with a higher cholinergic tone. Future studies should confirm these findings in a larger sample including individuals with acute and more severe depressive episodes and across all ages.
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