ArticleJournal of psychosomatic research2021
A prospective cohort study of post-traumatic stress disorder and maternal-infant bonding after first childbirth.
Article in Journal of psychosomatic research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07246356 (A Study to Explore the Feasibility and Efficacy of Group Traumatic Episode Protocol), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study to Explore the Feasibility and Efficacy of Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (GTEP) for Reducing Trauma Symptoms Following a Traumatic Birthing Experience
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence and childbirth: update meta-analysis after the introduction of the DSM-5 and COVID-19 pandemic.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal and newborn plasma oxytocin levels in response to maternal synthetic oxytocin administration during labour, birth and postpartum - a systematic review with implications for the function of the oxytocinergic system.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of Mode of Birth on Childbirth-Related Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms beyond 6 Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Breaking the cycle: a review of the impacts of maternal PTSD, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and health disparities among Black women.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Review
- Obstetric anesthesia and postpartum mental health: implications from delivery to long-term recovery.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Review
- Understanding parental bonding in the first two years after birth: exploring family predictors using growth mixture modeling.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The Association of Childbirth Preparation Classes with Labor Pain, Labor Duration, and Neonatal Outcomes in the Northeast of Iran During 2018-2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Emotional and dissociative responses to childbirth as predictors of postpartum PTSD symptoms: a prospective observational study.BMC psychology · 2026Observational
- Breastfeeding in the Context of Trauma and Previous Psychological Experiences: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Psychological and social factors influencing mother-child bonding in the first year after birth: a model for promoting infant and maternal well-being.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- A multi-level meta-analysis of the relationship between decision-making during birth and postpartum mental health.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2025Review
- The Social Context of Pregnancy, Respectful Maternity Care, Biomarkers of Weathering, and Postpartum Mental Health Inequities: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- "I was able to take it back": Seeking VBAC after experiencing dehumanizing maternity care in a primary cesarean.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2023Article
- The mediation role of resilience and postpartum traumatic stress disorder on parental attachment and the maternal-infant bonding.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- The Relation between Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Cesarean Section.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Past Traumatic Life Events, Postpartum PTSD, and the Role of Labor Support.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Effect of the maternal childbirth experience on a subsequent birth: a retrospective 7-year cohort study of primiparas in Finland.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Identifying women with postdelivery posttraumatic stress disorder using natural language processing of personal childbirth narratives.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2023Article
- Factors associated with labor after cesarean in a prospective cohort.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate risk factors for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CR-PTSD) measured 1-month after first childbirth, and the association between CR-PTSD and maternal-infant bonding.
methodsIn this prospective cohort study 3006 nulliparous women living in Pennsylvania, USA, were asked about CR-PTSD at 1-month postpartum, and maternal-infant bonding at 1, 6 and 12-months postpartum. Multivariable logistic regression models identified risk factors for CR-PTSD and associations between CR-PTSD and maternal-infant bonding at 1, 6 and 12-months postpartum, controlling for confounding variables - including postpartum depression, stress and social support.
resultsNearly half (47.5%) of the women reported that during labor and delivery they were afraid that they or their baby might be hurt or die, and 225 women (7.5%) reported experiencing one or more CR-PTSD symptoms at 1-month postpartum. Depression, stress and low social support during pregnancy were associated with CR-PTSD, as well as labor induction, delivery complications, poor pain control, and unplanned cesarean delivery. Women with CR-PTSD reported a less positive childbirth experience, less shared decision-making, and were more likely to score in the bottom third on maternal-infant bonding at 1-month postpartum (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.3, p < 0.001); at 6-months postpartum (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-2.8, p < 0.001); and at 12-months postpartum (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0, p < 0.001).
conclusionIn this large-scale prospective cohort study we found that CR-PTSD was consistently associated with lower levels of maternal-infant bonding over the course of the first year after first childbirth.
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