ArticleCurrent biology : CB2021
Retrorubral field is a hub for diverse threat and aversive outcome signals.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Location and mapping of the human rostromedial tegmental nucleus and associated midbrain inhibitory nuclei regulating dopamine neurons.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Paraventricular thalamic inputs to the ventral pallidum shape reward seeking during threat and fear responding in extinction.Behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Unraveling Pallido-Retrorubral Circuits Linking the Basal Ganglia to Limbic Areas.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- GPe Projections to the Retrorubral Field Give Rise to Diverging GABAergic and DAergic Circuits.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- No evidence that post-training dopamine D2 receptor agonism affects fear generalization in male rats.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Whole-brain mapping reveals the divergent impact of ketamine on the dopamine system.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of behavioural selection processes in conflict scenarios using a newly developed mouse behavioural paradigm.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Finding an Optimal Level of GDNF Overexpression: Insights from Dopamine Cycling.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Brainstem networks construct threat probability and prediction error from neuronal building blocks.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Threat and Bidirectional Valence Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens Core.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
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Abstract
Adaptive fear scales to the degree of threat and requires diverse neural signals for threat and aversive outcome. We propose that the retrorubral field (RRF), a midbrain region containing A8 dopamine, is a neural origin of such signals. To reveal these signals, we recorded RRF single-unit activity while male rats discriminated danger, uncertainty, and safety. Many RRF neurons showed firing extremes to danger and safety that framed intermediate firing to uncertainty. The remaining neurons showed unique, threat-selective cue firing patterns. Diversity in firing direction, magnitude, and temporal characteristics led to the detection of at least eight functional neuron types. Neuron types defined with respect to threat showed unique firing patterns following aversive outcome. The result was RRF signals for foot shock receipt, positive prediction error, anti-positive prediction error, persistent safety, and persistent threat. The diversity of threat and aversive outcome signals points to a key role for the RRF in adaptive fear.
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