Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33755707›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Correlation between choroidal structure and smoking in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy.

Kazuyoshi Okawa, Tatsuya Inoue, Ryo Asaoka, Keiko Azuma, Ryo Obata, Rei Arasaki, Shouko Ikeda, Arisa Ito, Maiko Maruyama-Inoue, Yasuo Yanagi and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. [Smoking and eye diseases].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kazuyoshi OkawaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Tatsuya InoueDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-2481-0222
Ryo AsaokaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Keiko AzumaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Ryo ObataDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Rei ArasakiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Shouko IkedaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Arisa ItoDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Maiko Maruyama-InoueDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Yasuo YanagiDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Kazuaki KadonosonoDepartment of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.
Yokohama City University · JPThe University of Tokyo · JPSeirei Christopher University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeA smoking habit can cause various health problems encompassing retinal diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of smoking on the choroidal structure in patients with CSC.

methodsThe choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated using the binarized OCT images. Baseline parameters (age, refractive error [SE], subfoveal choroidal thickness [SFCT] and CVI) were compared between smokers and non-smokers using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Moreover, the associations between SFCT and the baseline parameters were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression followed by the AICc model selection.

resultsAmong 75 CSC patients, 45 patients were smokers and 30 patients were non-smokers. No significant differences in age and SE were seen between the smoking group and the non-smoking group. A significant difference in the SFCT was seen between two groups (382.0 ± 68.2 μm in the smoking group vs. 339.3 ± 52.3 μm in the non-smoking group, p = 0.0038), while no significant difference was observed in the CVI (p = 0.32). The optimal model for SFCT included the variables of age, SE and past history of smoking among the baseline parameters. Additionally, increased pack years was associated with increased SFCT.

conclusionCigarette smoking was associated with an increased SFCT in patients with CSC. Thicker choroid in smoking CSC patients may be an important modulator of the disease.

Indexed as

SmokingAdultCentral Serous ChorioretinopathyChoroidCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFluorescein AngiographyHumansMaleMiddle AgedSmokersTomography, Optical Coherence

Identifiers

PMID33755707
PMCPMC7987178
OpenAlexW3111224160

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.