Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33755666›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and association with vitamin D deficiency.

Vicka Oktaria, Margaret Danchin, Rina Triasih, Yati Soenarto, Julie E Bines, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Michael W Clarke, Stephen M Graham

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Vicka OktariaDepartment of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3556-3028
Margaret DanchinDepartment of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Rina TriasihChild Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Yati SoenartoChild Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Julie E BinesDepartment of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5452-6601
Anne-Louise PonsonbyDepartment of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Michael W ClarkeMetabolomics Australia, Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Stephen M GrahamDepartment of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Royal Children's Hospital · AUUniversitas Gadjah Mada · IDThe University of Western Australia · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life, but this has not been evaluated in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the incidence of ARI in Indonesian infants, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D deficiency.

methodsFrom 23 December 2015 to 31 December 2017, we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study in Yogyakarta province. We enrolled 422 pregnant women and followed their infants from birth until 12 months of age for ARI episodes. Vitamin D status was measured at birth and at age six months. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia incidence.

resultsAt study completion, 95% (400/422) of infants retained with a total of 412 child years of observation (CYO). The incidence of all ARI and of WHO-defined pneumonia was 3.89 (95% CI 3.70-4.08) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.21-0.30) episodes per CYO respectively. Vitamin D deficiency at birth was common (90%, 308/344) and associated with more frequent episodes of ARI non-pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI:1.04-19.34). Vitamin D status at birth or six months was not associated with subsequent pneumonia incidence, but greater maternal sun exposure during pregnancy was associated with a trend to less frequent ARI and pneumonia in infants.

conclusionARI, pneumonia, and vitamin D deficiency at birth were common in Indonesian infants. Minimising vitamin D deficiency at birth such as by supplementation of mothers or safe sun exposure during pregnancy has the potential to reduce ARI incidence in infants in this setting.

Indexed as

AdultCohort StudiesComorbidityFemaleHumansIncidenceIndonesiaInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMaternal ExposureProspective StudiesRespiratory Tract InfectionsRisk FactorsVitamin D DeficiencyYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID33755666
PMCPMC7987198
OpenAlexW3138639430

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.