ArticleEMBO molecular medicine2021
The immune suppressive microenvironment affects efficacy of radio-immunotherapy in brain metastasis.
Article in EMBO molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic inflammatory indices as accessible biomarkers for intracranial outcome and prognosis in driver gene-negative NSCLC with brain metastases treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Consensus statement on microglial and macrophage functions in gliomas.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Brain metastases exhibit distinct spatial patterns of resident and infiltrating macrophages.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy combined with cranial radiotherapy for driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases: a retrospective study.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: indications, dose fractionation, technological innovations, and evolving combination strategies - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Immune architecture of colorectal cancer brain metastases: spatial TAM heterogeneity and PD-L1 dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Stereotactic versus whole-brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in driver gene-negative NSCLC with brain metastases: a real-world IPTW analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- NPLOC4 Constructs Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Pan-cancer and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Cancer cell-monocyte co-culture spheroids recapitulate pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressive, and drug-resistant microenvironments in brain metastatic breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Glioma‑associated microglia and macrophages as a potential target for mTOR inhibition in glioblastoma.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting the Enhanced Sensitivity of Radiotherapy in Cancer: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges.MedComm · 2025Review
- Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with brain metastases: current principles, expanding indications and opportunities for multidisciplinary care.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- 7aaRGD - a novel SPP1/integrin signaling-blocking peptide reverses immunosuppression and improves anti-PD-1 immunotherapy outcomes in experimental gliomas.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Bioactive Polysaccharides fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- TIMP1 Mediates Astrocyte-Dependent Local Immunosuppression in Brain Metastasis Acting on Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
- The immune landscape in brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Postoperative Solitary Brain Metastasis from Residual Gastric Cancer: A Rare Case Report.Surgical case reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of neuroglia and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastasis.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Review
- Disturbance in cerebral blood microcirculation and hypoxic-ischemic microenvironment are associated with the development of brain metastasis.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in brain metastases is characterized by high myeloid cell content associated with immune suppressive and cancer-permissive functions. Moreover, brain metastases induce the recruitment of lymphocytes. Despite their presence, T-cell-directed therapies fail to elicit effective anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we seek to evaluate the applicability of radio-immunotherapy to modulate tumor immunity and overcome inhibitory effects that diminish anti-cancer activity. Radiotherapy-induced immune modulation resulted in an increase in cytotoxic T-cell numbers and prevented the induction of lymphocyte-mediated immune suppression. Radio-immunotherapy led to significantly improved tumor control with prolonged median survival in experimental breast-to-brain metastasis. However, long-term efficacy was not observed. Recurrent brain metastases showed accumulation of blood-borne PD-L1
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.