ArticleInfancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies2021
Paid maternal leave is associated with better language and socioemotional outcomes during toddlerhood.
Article in Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The implications of maternal sleep disruption on cardiovascular adaptations and cardiometabolic outcomes.The Lancet. Obstetrics, gynaecology, & women's health · 2026Article
- Positive Mental Health, Anxiety and Prenatal Bonding: A Contextual Approach.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Caregiving relationships are a cornerstone of developmental psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2024Review
- Supporting Early Language by Supporting Systemic Solutions.Policy insights from the behavioral and brain sciences · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review to Identify Community- and Societal-Level Strategies Evaluated from 2013 to 2023 for Their Potential Impact on Child Well-Being in the United States.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Maternal Labor Force Participation During the Child's First Year and Later Separation Anxiety Symptoms.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2023Article
- The neonatal perspective of paid family medical leave (PFML).Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Paid Family Leave: An Upstream Intervention to Prevent Family Violence.Journal of family violence · 2023Review
- Paid maternal leave is associated with infant brain function at 3 months of age.Child development · 2022Article
- Bilingual Language Development in Infancy: What Can We Do to Support Bilingual Families?Policy insights from the behavioral and brain sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The United States is the only high-income country that does not have a national policy mandating paid leave to working women who give birth. Increased rates of maternal employment post-birth call for greater understanding of the effects of family leave on infant development. This study examined the links between paid leave and toddler language, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes (24-36 months; N = 328). Results indicate that paid leave was associated with better language outcomes, regardless of socioeconomic status. Additionally, paid leave was correlated with fewer infant behavior problems for mothers with lower levels of educational attainment. Expanding access to policies that support families in need, like paid family leave, may aid in reducing socioeconomic disparities in infant development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.