ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021
Innate and Adaptive Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Susceptibility of Severe Inflammatory Complications in Acanthamoeba Keratitis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host Response and Pathogen Load in Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Histopathological Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of and Genetic Factors Associated withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- SLAMF7/STAT6 Pathway Inhibits Innate Immune Response in Late-Stage HumanMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Interleukin Genes with Microbial Keratitis in a South Indian Population.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Over a third of patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) experience severe inflammatory complications (SICs). This study aimed to determine if some contact lens (CL) wearers with AK were predisposed to SICs due to variations in key immune genes. Methods: CL wearers with AK who attended Moorfields Eye Hospital were recruited prospectively between April 2013 and October 2014. SICs were defined as scleritis and/or stromal ring infiltrate. Genomic DNA was processed with an Illumina Low Input Custom Amplicon assay of 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) targets across 18 genes and tested for association in PLINK. Results: Genomic DNA was obtained and analyzed for 105 cases of AK, 40 (38%) of whom experienced SICs. SNPs in the CXCL8 gene encoding IL-8 was significantly associated with protection from SICs (chr4: rs1126647, odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, P = 0.005, rs2227543, OR = 0.4, P = 0.007, and rs2227307, OR = 0.4, P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, steroids prediagnosis, and herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) misdiagnosis. Two TLR-4 SNPs were associated with increased risk of SICs (chr9: rs4986791 and rs4986790, both OR = 6.9, P = 0.01). Th-17 associated SNPs (chr1: IL-23R rs11209026, chr2: IL-1β rs16944, and chr12: IL-22 rs1179251) were also associated with SICs. Conclusions: The current study identifies biologically relevant genetic variants in patients with AK with SICs; IL-8 is associated with a strong neutrophil response in the cornea in AK, TLR-4 is important in early AK disease, and Th-17 genes are associated with adaptive immune responses to AK in animal models. Genetic screening of patients with AK to predict severity is viable and this would be expected to assist disease management.
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