ArticleJMIR formative research2021
Gender Differences in Adolescent Sleep Disturbance and Treatment Response to Smartphone App-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Exploratory Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of current digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions for adolescents with insomnia symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2025Pooled it
- Mobile applications in adolescent psychotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Adolescent sleep restriction, macronutrient consumption, and self-reported hunger: A randomized clinical trial.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Trial
- Associations among problematic smartphone use, depression, and sleep disturbance in Chinese college students: a three-wave longitudinal study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Gender moderation in the association between academic stress, sleep quality, and adolescent mental health.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bidirectional relationship between somatic pain and depression in Chinese adolescents: a cross-lagged study.BMC public health · 2026Article
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- Article
- Insomnia Among Adolescents in Northern Peru: Associations with Psychosocial, Health-Related, and Educational Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study Across Five Schools.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Association between Problematic Social Media Use and Sleep Problems among Adolescents: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model and Sex Differences.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Comparing the Effects of Adequate and Insufficient Sleep on the Mental Health, Behavioral Outcomes, and Daily Lives of South Korean Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the relationship between consumption of carbonated soft drinks/fast food and anxiety-related sleep disturbance in school adolescents in Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Gender differences in sleep quality among Iranian traditional and industrial drug users.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2024Article
- The Effect of a Cognitive Dual Task on Gait Parameters among Healthy Young Adults with Good and Poor Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Medication Therapy Among Patients With Insomnia.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- A bibliometric analysis of insomnia in adolescent.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Unhealthy Eating Habits and Insomnia Symptoms are Associated with Internet Addiction in Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Gender Difference.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Association between Recreational Screen Time and Sleep Quality among Adolescents during the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study on Korean Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsomnia and sleep disturbance are pervasive and debilitating conditions affecting up to 40% of adolescents. Women and girls are at greater risk of insomnia, yet differences in treatment responsiveness between genders have not been adequately investigated. Additionally, while women report greater symptom severity and burden of illness than men, this discrepancy requires further examination in adolescents.
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in sleep symptom profiles and treatment response in adolescents.
methodsDigital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) treatment responsiveness, as indexed by changes in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, was compared in boys and girls (aged 12-16 years; N=49) who participated in a pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja smartphone app. Gender differences in self-reported baseline insomnia symptom severity (ISI), sleep quality (PSQI), and sleep characteristics derived from sleep diaries were also examined.
resultsCompared with boys, we found that girls reported greater symptom severity (P=.04) and nighttime wakefulness (P=.01 and P=.04) and reduced sleep duration (P=.02) and efficiency (P=.03), but not poorer sleep quality (P=.07), more nighttime awakenings (P=.16), or longer time to get to sleep (P=.21). However, gender differences in symptom severity and sleep duration were accounted for by boys being marginally younger in age. Treatment response to CBT-I was equivalent between boys and girls when comparing reductions in symptom severity (P=.32); there was a trend showing gender differences in improvements in sleep quality, but this was not statistically significant (P=.07).
conclusionsThese results demonstrate the presence of gender differences in insomnia symptoms and severity in adolescents and suggest further research is required to understand gender differences in insomnia symptom profiles to inform the development of gender-specific digital interventions delivered to adolescents.
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