SynthesisClinical rheumatology2021
Ankylosing spondylitis risk factors: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Clinical rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-designing interventions for patients with inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Non-genetic biomarkers for ankylosing spondylitis: An umbrella review.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of 10 Types of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Fruit and vegetable intake as a mediator in the association between ultra-processed food and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- The Integrin Signature of Ankylosing Spondylitis: Divergent Regulation of CD29 and CD49b in HLA-B27-Positive Cohorts in Iraqi Patients.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Zhuangdu Quhan Mixture Alleviates Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mice by Inhibiting the Interleukin-17 Signaling.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
- Radon balneotherapy in rheumatologic diseases: potential mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular autonomic control and inflammation.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Differential Expression of Visfatin, Sirtuin-1, and Interleukin-18 in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Comparative Study of Etanercept-Treated versus Newly Diagnosed Patients.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- A Rare Association of Interstitial Lung Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report and Review of Early Detection and Multidisciplinary Management.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- MiR-21 promotes osteogenic transformation in ankylosing spondylitis fibroblasts and modulates bone metabolism in a murine arthritis model potentially involving the MAPK NF-κB pathway.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparison of Neck Muscle Thickness via Ultrasound in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Healthy Controls.Archives of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Insights into axial spondyloarthritis features and the development of imaging evidence of sacroiliitis during long-term follow-up in routine clinical practice.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Renal involvement in ankylosing spondylitis: a retrospective, population-based cohort study using data from the TriNetX Global Network.RMD open · 2026Article
- Diagnostic utility of serum TRACP5b for secondary osteoporosis in ankylosing spondylitis: a comparative cross-sectional study with primary osteoporosis and healthy controls.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Combined detection of HLA-B27, ESR, and CRP as biochemical and immunogenetic markers in the auxiliary diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Insights and Immune Pathway Connections Revealed by Core Symptom Gene Network Analysis in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Does HLA-B27 Status Influence Ixekizumab Efficacy in Axial Spondyloarthritis? Results From the COAST-V, COAST-W, and COAST-X Trials.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (also known as ankylosing spondylitis [AS]) is a chronic immune-mediated arthritis characterized by inflammation of the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, and entheses. It is estimated that 1 in every 200 people are affected by AS, making it an important healthcare and socioeconomic issue. In this review, we aim to explore the current understanding of AS risk factors and provide a comprehensive update. Multiple search strings were used to identify articles of interest published in PubMed between January 1, 2013, and February 1, 2021. On the basis of the literature review and analysis, we present up-to-date information on the risk factors of developing AS and our viewpoints on disease onset and progression. Multiple genetic and nongenetic risk factors have been suggested in the onset of AS. HLA-B27 is known to have a strong association with the disease, but other genes have been implicated in disease development. Aside from genetics, other factors are thought to be involved; up to 70% of patients with AS have subclinical intestinal inflammation, suggesting that the origin of the disease may be in the gut. The exact mechanism by which AS onset begins is most likely complex and multifactorial. Key Points • It remains unclear how interactions between genes, microbes, mechanical stress, gender, and other environmental and lifestyle factors predispose patients to the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). • The exact mechanisms of AS are complex and multifactorial which will require much future research • Recognizing the risk factors, as well as understanding gene-environment interactions, may offer valuable insights into the etiology of AS and have important implications for diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.