ReviewNature medicine2021
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
13 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 13 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,689 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,689citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
471.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Osteopathy and Physiotherapy Compared to Physiotherapy Alone on Fatigue and Functional Status in Long COVID: Study Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled SuperiorityTrial
NCT05094622 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation
Physical Exercise in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) After Covid-19.
ASAP - Assisted Immediate Augmented Post-/Long-COVID Plan
Impact of a COVID-19 Related ICU Stay on Mental Health for Patients and Their Relatives. An Exploratory 18-month Follow-up Study for COVID-19 ICU Survivors and Their Relatives.
Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunction as a Cause of Persistent Exertional Dyspnea After COVID-19 (PulmVasC)- A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort/Observational Study
Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention on Physical and Psychological Well-Being and Quality of Life in Patients With Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) Dysautonomia
Karakteristik Dan Pengaruh Vaksinasi COVID-19 Terhadap Klinis Dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Long COVID di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Impact of Mental Health and Cognitive Disorders on Quality of Life in Severe Covid-19
NCT05877534 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation
Effects of Individual Tailored Physical Exercise in Patients With Post COVID-19 Condition, Diagnosed With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) - a Randomized Controlled Study
Electro-acupuncture for Long Covid Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: a Prospective, Randomized Sham-controlled, Double-blinded Clinical Trial
Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms in Minia, Upper Egypt: an Observational Cross-sectional Study
Effect of a Non-pharmacological Intervention (Nutritional Therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation) on Endothelial Function, Body Composition, and Physical Functionality in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.
Epigenetic Changes in Long COVID Patients: Unraveling the Gut-Immune Axis and Therapeutic Targets
Who cites it
2,689 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 4,912 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mare's Milk for Gut Microbiome Restoration and Immune Recovery After COVID-19 in Children and Pregnant Women: A Hypothesis-Generating Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological and Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Increased Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycaemia in Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Brain microstructural alterations in COVID-19: a systematic review of diffusion weighted imaging studies.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Audiovestibular Dysfunction Related to Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Characteristics, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition among previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiology Consult for the General Pediatrician after Cardiac Manifestations from a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Associated thromboembolic events to the post COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Persistent inflammatory cytokine signature in long Covid-19 patients: a meta-analysis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Immunological effects of supervised exercise in long COVID in adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Body Composition in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- C1-esterase Inhibitor Treatment is Associated with Immune and Vascular Pathway Modulation in PASC with Neurological Symptoms: Longitudinal Plasma Proteomics.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Trial
- Reduced Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Treated With Inhaled Extracellular Vesicles Expressing CD24.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Trial
- Serum extracellular vesicle RNA profiles in long COVID: insights from exercise-induced gene modulation.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Explaining symptoms in general practice: a predictive processing framework for primary care consultations.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Beyond diagnosis in general practice: Predictive processing, a novel framework for persistent physical symptoms.The European journal of general practice · 2026Review
- Association between resilience and nurses' professional autonomy across care contexts in the post-pandemic period: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Relationships Among COVID-19 Contraction, Job Loss, and Food Insecurity in American Indian and Alaska Native Peoples.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
2,629 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
34 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Ani Nalbandian *Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-7328
Kartik Sehgal *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Kartik_sehgal@dfci.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-6943
Aakriti GuptaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-9872
Mahesh V MadhavanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-1481
Claire McGroderDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-4627
Jacob S StevensDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Joshua R CookDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-0504
Anna S NordvigDepartment of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-9157
Daniel ShalevDepartment of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Tejasav S SehrawatDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-5683
Neha AhluwaliaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Behnood BikdeliHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Donald DietzDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Caroline Der-NigoghossianClinical Pharmacy, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Nadia Liyanage-DonDepartment of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Gregg F RosnerDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Elana J BernsteinDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-6390
Sumit MohanDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9685
Akinpelumi A BeckleyDepartment of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
David S SeresInstitute of Human Nutrition and Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Toni K ChoueiriDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-3217
Nir UrielDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
John C AusielloDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Domenico AcciliDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Daniel E FreedbergDivision of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Matthew BaldwinDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4670-3433
Allan SchwartzDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Daniel BrodieDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-3145
Christine Kim GarciaDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Mitchell S V ElkindDepartment of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-1156
Jean M ConnorsHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
John P BilezikianDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Donald W LandryDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Elaine Y WanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. eyw2003@cumc.columbia.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-7282
Columbia University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USCardiovascular Research Foundation · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USMayo Clinic · USNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital · USNew York State Psychiatric InstituteYale New Haven Hospital · US
Funding
Translational Biomarker Analytical Core (TBAC)P30DK063608 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Anthony W Ferrante · 2003 to 2026
$36.7MResearch Education CoreP30AG066462 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SCOTT A SMALL · 2020 to 2026
$30.1MPOSTDOCTORAL TRAINING IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASET32HL007854 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Marwah Abdalla, Michael Argenziano · 1996 to 2026
$14.7MMECHANISMS OF BETA CELL FAILURER01DK064819 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ACCILI, DOMENICO · 2003 to 2025
$10.5MNEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMT32NS007153 · NINDS · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI GU, YIAN, WILLEY, JOSHUA ZEBADIAH · 1987 to 2023
$6.2M5/14 APOL1 Long-term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes Network (APOLLO) Clinical CenterU01DK116066 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Sumit Mohan, Deirdre Sawinski · 2017 to 2026
$2.5MUnderstanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac arrhythmias using a novel 3D panoramic optical mapping systemR01HL152236 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAN, ELAINE Y · 2020 to 2024
$2.0MIdentifying and exploring solutions to the ethical challenges of ApoL1 testing of donors with recent African ancestry through mixed methods research with stakeholdersR01MD014161 · NIMHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DUBOIS, JAMES M, MOHAN, SUMIT · 2019 to 2021
$1.2MIncreasing Minority Population Awareness through Community Teaching for Improved Organ Donation (IMPACT for Improved Organ Donation)R01DK114893 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MOHAN, SUMIT · 2017 to 2021
$1.2MRole of Vascular Ion Channels in Heart Failure and Cardiovascular DiseasesK08HL122526 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAN, ELAINE Y · 2015 to 2019
$788kLoss of Gastrointestinal Colonization Resistance and Antibiotic-Resistant Infections in the Intensive Care UnitK23DK111847 · NIDDK · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI FREEDBERG, DANIEL E. · 2017 to 2020
$608kElucidating the molecular mechanisms of cognitive decline in atrial fibrillationR03HL146881 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WAN, ELAINE Y · 2019 to 2020
$162kNational Science Foundation (NSF) 2032726NHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL122526NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL152236NHLBI NIH HHS R03 HL146881NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007854NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066462NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK111847NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063608NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK064819NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK114893NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK116066NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD014161NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS007153U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense) PR181960U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) 5T32 NS007153U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01-DK114893U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01-MD014161U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) U01-DK116066
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in global healthcare crises and strained health resources. As the population of patients recovering from COVID-19 grows, it is paramount to establish an understanding of the healthcare issues surrounding them. COVID-19 is now recognized as a multi-organ disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. Similarly to post-acute viral syndromes described in survivors of other virulent coronavirus epidemics, there are increasing reports of persistent and prolonged effects after acute COVID-19. Patient advocacy groups, many members of which identify themselves as long haulers, have helped contribute to the recognition of post-acute COVID-19, a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on post-acute COVID-19, its pathophysiology and its organ-specific sequelae. Finally, we discuss relevant considerations for the multidisciplinary care of COVID-19 survivors and propose a framework for the identification of those at high risk for post-acute COVID-19 and their coordinated management through dedicated COVID-19 clinics.
Indexed as
SARS-CoV-2Acute DiseaseCardiovascular DiseasesCOVID-19HumansPatient AdvocacySyndromeSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeVenous Thromboembolism
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Registered trials
NCT05012826ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05094622ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05238415ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05348720ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05374577ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05566379ClinicalTrials.gov
and 7 more above
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.