ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Genetic and clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression using primary care records in two UK cohorts.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide meta-analyses of non-response to antidepressants provide insights into underlying molecular genetics and suggest potential pharmacotherapies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis and rare copy number variant analysis of treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolic activity of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 on antidepressant response from 13 clinical studies using genotype imputation: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A genetic risk score to predict treatment nonresponse in psychotic depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Polygenic heterogeneity in antidepressant treatment and placebo response.Translational psychiatry · 2022Trial
- preSCRIPT: Large-scale prescription search and annotation engine for pharmacogenomic studies.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- CYP2C19 Genotype is Associated with Citalopram Treatment Outcomes in a Real-World Setting.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Understanding antidepressant change patterns in the UK Biobank.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- The effects of psychedelics on attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder - a systematic review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Review
- Treatment resistant depression in electronic health records: definitions matter.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Impaired regional structure-function coupling as novel neurophenotype: mechanistic insights and diagnostic exploration in treatment-resistant depression.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Can Psychiatric Genetics Advance Without Incorporating a Life Course Perspective?Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Adult ADHD with comorbid major depression shows a distinguishable polygenic pattern and negative cognitive style.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations of polygenic risk scores for major depression and depression severity: an investigation of 105 623 individuals with 16 years follow-up.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Comparative polygenic predispositions of treatment-resistant depression in East Asian and European populations.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- From Billing Codes to Breakthroughs: Filtering Signal From Noise in Electronic Medical Records-Based Research.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- A scoping review of genetic studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Evidence of bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes and depression; a Mendelian randomization study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association and DNA methylation analyses of SSRI treatment response in major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major contributor to the disability caused by major depressive disorder (MDD). Primary care electronic health records provide an easily accessible approach to investigate TRD clinical and genetic characteristics. MDD defined from primary care records in UK Biobank (UKB) and EXCEED studies was compared with other measures of depression and tested for association with MDD polygenic risk score (PRS). Using prescribing records, TRD was defined from at least two switches between antidepressant drugs, each prescribed for at least 6 weeks. Clinical-demographic characteristics, SNP-based heritability (h
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.