ArticleNature communications2021
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces sustained humoral immune responses in convalescent patients following symptomatic COVID-19.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 antibody responses in individuals with natural immunity and with vaccination-induced immunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- [Rapid guideline for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases, hepatolbiliary malignancy and liver transplant].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Guideline
- Two-Year Follow-Up of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Professionals.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals after Receiving a Single Dose of CoronaVac or ChAdOx-1 Vaccine.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Myeloid-Driven Immune Suppression Subverts Neutralizing Antibodies and T Cell Immunity in Severe COVID-19.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Viral and immune profiles during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in Sardinia, Italy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dynamic Changes and Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Induced by Infection and Vaccination Across Multiple Time Points.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody responses in cancer patients following multiple COVID-19 vaccination boosters.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function and comparative SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG antibody response among the COVID-19 recovered group.PloS one · 2025Article
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- Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after natural infection: insights from a study on Pasteur Institute of Tunis employees.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Characterisation of specific responses to three models of viral antigens in immunocompetent older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Article
- B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Salivary IgA and vimentin differentiate in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection: A study of 290 convalescent COVID-19 patients.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Humoral responses to wild type and ancient BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant after heterologous priming vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 booster dose.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 among Health Care Workers in North-Eastern Tanzania.The East African health research journal · 2024Article
- A Correlation Study to Comprehend the SAR-CoV-2 Viral Load, Antiviral Antibody Titer, and Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms Post-infection Amongst the Vaccinated Population in Kamrup District of As sam, Northeast India.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-term antibody responses and neutralizing activities in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not yet clear. Here we quantify immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) or the nucleocapsid (N) protein, and neutralizing antibodies during a period of 6 months from COVID-19 disease onset in 349 symptomatic COVID-19 patients who were among the first be infected world-wide. The positivity rate and magnitude of IgM-S and IgG-N responses increase rapidly. High levels of IgM-S/N and IgG-S/N at 2-3 weeks after disease onset are associated with virus control and IgG-S titers correlate closely with the capacity to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Although specific IgM-S/N become undetectable 12 weeks after disease onset in most patients, IgG-S/N titers have an intermediate contraction phase, but stabilize at relatively high levels over the 6 month observation period. At late time points, the positivity rates for binding and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies are still >70%. These data indicate sustained humoral immunity in recovered patients who had symptomatic COVID-19, suggesting prolonged immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.