Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33753495›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Primary cilia and the reciprocal activation of AKT and SMAD2/3 regulate stretch-induced autophagy in trabecular meshwork cells.

Myoung Sup Shim, April Nettesheim, Angela Dixon, Paloma B Liton

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Role of Primary Cilia in the Eye.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. To be or not to be - Decoding the Trabecular Meshwork Cell Identity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Myoung Sup ShimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705.ORCID 0000-0001-6535-1416
April NettesheimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705.ORCID 0000-0002-8186-9554
Angela DixonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705.ORCID 0000-0003-1822-4101
Paloma B LitonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 paloma.liton@duke.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-1440-3762
Duke University · US

Funding

VISION RESEARCHP30EY005722 · NEI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Vadim Y Arshavsky · 1985 to 2026
$19.3M
Autophagy and Mechanotransduction in the Trabecular MeshworkR01EY026885 · NEI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Paloma Liton · 2016 to 2026
$4.7M
Lysosomal Enzymes in Outflow Pathway Physiology and PathophysiologyR01EY027733 · NEI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI LITON, PALOMA · 2017 to 2020
$1.8M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY005722NEI NIH HHS R01 EY026885NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027733
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Activation of autophagy is one of the responses elicited by high intraocular pressure (IOP) and mechanical stretch in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. However, the mechanosensor and the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy is induced by mechanical stretch in these or other cell types is largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the mechanosensor and downstream signaling pathway that regulate cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-induced autophagy in TM cells. We report that primary cilia act as a mechanosensor for CMS-induced autophagy and identified a cross-regulatory talk between AKT1 and noncanonical SMAD2/3 signaling as critical components of primary cilia-mediated activation of autophagy by mechanical stretch. Furthermore, we demonstrated the physiological significance of our findings in ex vivo perfused eyes. Removal of primary cilia disrupted the homeostatic IOP compensatory response and prevented the increase in LC3-II protein levels in response to elevated pressure challenge, strongly supporting a role of primary cilia-mediated autophagy in regulating IOP homeostasis.

Indexed as

AutophagyCells, CulturedCiliaGene Knockdown TechniquesHumansIntraocular PressureIntravital MicroscopyMechanotransduction, CellularOcular HypertensionPrimary Cell CultureProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktSmad2 ProteinSmad3 ProteinStress, MechanicalTime-Lapse ImagingTrabecular MeshworkAKT1 protein, humanProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktSmad2 ProteinSMAD2 protein, humanSmad3 ProteinSMAD3 protein, humanautophagyglaucomaprimary ciliastretchingtrabecular meshwork

Identifiers

PMID33753495
PMCPMC8020776
OpenAlexW3137223727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.