Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33752649›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2021

Freeze-thawing impairs the motility, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondria function of boar spermatozoa through generating excessive ROS.

Bin Zhang, Yan Wang, Caihong Wu, Shulei Qiu, Xiaolan Chen, Bingyan Cai, Huimei Xie

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Thawing frozen foods: A comparative review of traditional and innovative methods.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025
    Review
  20. Asian palmyra palm (Open veterinary journal · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Bin Zhang *Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, 8 Feng Huang East Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Yan Wang *Food, Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technical Center of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Caihong WuJiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, 8 Feng Huang East Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. caihongwu616@aliyun.com.
Shulei QiuJiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, 8 Feng Huang East Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Xiaolan ChenJiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, 8 Feng Huang East Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Bingyan CaiJiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, 8 Feng Huang East Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Huimei XieJiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, 8 Feng Huang East Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College · CNShanghai Customs College · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCryopreservation is an efficient way to store spermatozoa and is closely associated with the quality of sperm after the freeze-thaw process. During freeze-thaw cycling, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, and the effects of ROS on boar sperm during cryopreservation have not been identified.

resultsIn this study, we evaluated the quality of boar spermatozoa in different steps of cryopreservation (extension, cooling, and thawing for 30 min and 240 min) with or without boar-sperm antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine (NAC)). The ROS levels, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm chromatin structure, ATP content, and sperm apoptosis were assayed. After thawing, the ROS level and sperm apoptosis were significantly increased, and the sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, sperm chromatin structure, and ATP content were significantly impaired compared with those at the extension period and cooling period. Moreover, the addition of N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) reversed these changes.

conclusionThe freeze-thawing of boar spermatozoa impaired their motility, plasma membrane, mitochondrial activity, sperm chromatin structure and apoptosis by producing excessive ROS. Thus, the downregulation of ROS level by antioxidants, especially the NAC, is important for manufacturing frozen pig sperm to increase reproductive cells and livestock propagation, as well as to improve the application of frozen semen in pigs worldwide.

Indexed as

Semen PreservationSperm MotilitySwineAnimalsAntioxidantsCell MembraneCryopreservationFreezingMaleMitochondriaReactive Oxygen SpeciesSpermatozoaAntioxidantsReactive Oxygen SpeciesApoptosisBoar spermatozoaFreeze-thawingMotilityROS

Identifiers

PMID33752649
PMCPMC7986419
OpenAlexW3138026758

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.