SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Caesarean section in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placental Histopathology and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in ART Pregnancies: A Comparative Analysis of Homologous and Heterologous Techniques.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Analysis of Maternal Pregnancy Characteristics and Adverse Neonatal Birth Outcomes at a Single Center From 2017 to 2022].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Article
- Obstetric, perineal, and psychosocial outcomes after successful vaginismus treatment: a retrospective cohort study stratified by Lamont grade.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Disparities in primary Cesarean birth by sexual orientation: a population-based analysis across three longitudinal cohorts.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Frozen embryo transfer outcomes in patients with prior cesarean delivery: a focus on endometrial lining parameters.F&S reports · 2026Article
- Reproductive outcomes following assisted reproductive technology after previous caesarean section: data from the Swiss National Registry.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Births Conceived Through Medically Assisted Reproduction by Parental Structure in Louisiana (2016-2023).Journal of women's health (2002) · 2025Article
- Single-centre comparative study of in vitro fertilisation and naturally conceived babies in Indonesia.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- How cesarean section rates can be reduced through an effective financial strategy: A protocol for systematic review.Medicine · 2025Article
- Navigating the choices of decision-making in cesarean sections: medical and personal perspectives from a qualitative study in Iraq.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Assisted reproduction and perinatal emotional wellbeing: findings from a longitudinal study.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Multifetal Pregnancy After Implementation of a Publicly Funded Fertility Program.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The risk of perinatal and cardiometabolic complications in pregnancies conceived by medically assisted reproduction.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Infertility and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- IVF outcomes following ICSI cycles using testicular sperm in obstructive (OA) vs. non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and the impact of maternal and paternal age: a SART CORS data registry.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Reproductive outcomes in women and men conceived by assisted reproductive technologies in Norway: prospective registry based study.BMJ medicine · 2023Article
- Does advanced maternal age explain the longer hospitalisation of mothers after childbirth?PloS one · 2023Article
- ART outcome after euploid frozen embryo transfer is not affected by previous Cesarean section delivery in the absence of intracavitary fluid.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children born to mothers with infertility: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCaesarean section rates are higher among pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conceptions (SC), implying an increase in neonatal and maternal morbidity. We aimed to compare caesarean section rates in ART pregnancies versus SC, overall, by indication (elective versus emergent), and by type of ART treatment (in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer) in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL databases using the OVID Platform from 1993 to 2019, and the search was completed in January 2020. The eligibility criteria were cohort studies with singleton conceptions after in-vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection using autologous oocytes versus spontaneous conceptions. The study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and GRADE approach. Meta-analyses were performed using odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using random effect models in RevMan 5.3, and I-squared (I
resultsOne thousand seven hundred fifty studies were identified from the search of which 34 met the inclusion criteria. Compared to spontaneous conceptions, IVF/ICSI pregnancies were associated with a 1.90-fold increase of odds of caesarean section (95% CI 1.76, 2.06). When stratified by indication, IVF/ICSI pregnancies were associated with a 1.91-fold increase of odds of elective caesarean section (95% CI 1.37, 2.67) and 1.38-fold increase of odds of emergent caesarean section (95% CI 1.09, 1.75). The heterogeneity of the studies was high and the GRADE assessment moderate to low, which can be explained by the observational design of the included studies.
conclusionsThe odds of delivering by caesarean section are greater for ART singleton pregnancies compared to spontaneous conceptions. Preconception and pregnancy care plans should focus on minimizing the risks that may lead to emergency caesarean sections and finding strategies to understand and decrease the rate of elective caesarean sections.
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Registered trials
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