ArticleAging2021
Exosomal miR-222 from adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells promote macrophages M2 polarization via PTEN/Akt to induce tumor progression.
Article in Aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of miRNAs in the Resistance of Anthracyclines in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Exosome-mediated organotropism in breast cancer metastasis: bridging the gap between molecular mechanisms and clinical application.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- Review
- A bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots regarding macrophage polarization in lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- M2 macrophages predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exosomal crosstalk between breast cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Advances in understanding exosome-mediated regulation of macrophage function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal tumors and associated nerve damage: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exosome-delivered bioactive molecules regulate macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage-cancer cell crosstalk in breast cancer chemotherapy resistance.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Exosomal MicroRNA: Diagnostic Potential and Role in Breast Cancer Dissemination.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages remodel the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and targeted therapy for immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Exosome-Mediated Cellular Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment Imparts Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Role of the AKT signaling pathway in regulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization and in the tumor microenvironment: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators and Potential Targets in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Decoding breast cancer treatment resistance through genetic, epigenetic, and immune-regulatory mechanisms: from molecular insights to translational perspectives.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Review
- Decoding the Tumor Microenvironment: Exosome-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Tumor-derived vesicles in immune modulation: focus on signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exosomal microRNAs: impact on cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Macrophage subtypes inhibit breast cancer proliferation in culture.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosome-mediated intercellular communication is considered to be an effective mode for malignant cells to transform biological behaviors in stromal cells. However, the mechanisms by which exosomes modulate macrophages within tumor microenvironment remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that both adriamycin-resistant breast cancer (BCa) cells and the corresponding exosomes (A/exo) were capable of inducing macrophages M2 polarization, which promoted the mobility, proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa cells. Since exosomes deliver microRNAs to affect cellular functions in recipient cells, we confirmed that miR-222 was significantly enriched in A/exo and could be successfully transferred to macrophages. Increased miR-222 level was also detected in exosomes derived from plasma and tissues of chemoresistant patients. Moreover, exosomal miR-222 from A/exo polarized M2 macrophages by targeting PTEN and activating Akt signaling pathway, which promoted BCa cells progression in a feed back loop. Co-culture of adriamycin-resistant BCa cells with macrophages in which miR-222 was upregulated or treated with A/exo facilitated tumor growth
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.