Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33751833›Full record

ReviewPigment cell & melanoma research2021

Chemical and biochemical control of skin pigmentation with special emphasis on mixed melanogenesis.

Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Jonathan H Zippin, Shosuke Ito

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pigment cell & melanoma research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Differential Expression ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin-Lightening Activities of Exosomes Derived fromJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. The small molecule ML233 is a direct inhibitor of tyrosinase function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kazumasa WakamatsuInstitute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1748-9001
Jonathan H ZippinDepartment of Dermatology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5882-0189
Shosuke ItoInstitute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9182-5144
Fujita Health University · JPCornell University · US

Funding

Mechanisms of cAMP-dependent regulation of melanosome pHR01AR077664 · NIAMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Jonathan Hale Zippin · 2021 to 2026
$3.6M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR077664
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melanins are widely distributed in animals and plants; in vertebrates, most melanins are present on the body surface. The diversity of pigmentation in vertebrates is mainly attributed to the quantity and ratio of eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis. Most natural melanin pigments in animals consist of both eumelanin and pheomelanin in varying ratios, and thus, their combined synthesis is called "mixed melanogenesis." Gene expression is an established mechanism for controlling melanin synthesis; however, there are multiple factors that affect melanin synthesis besides gene expression. Due to the differential sensitivity of the eumelanin and pheomelanin synthetic pathways to pH, melanosomal pH likely plays a major role in mixed melanogenesis. Here, we focused on various factors affecting mixed melanogenesis including (1) chemical regulation of melanin synthesis, (2) melanosomal pH regulation during normal melanogenesis and effect on mixed melanogenesis, and (3) mechanisms of melanosomal pH control (proton pumps, channels, transporters, and signaling pathways).

Indexed as

Skin PigmentationAnimalsCysteineHumansKineticsMelaninsMelanosomesMonophenol MonooxygenaseCysteineMelaninsMonophenol Monooxygenasecasing modelcysteinedopaquinoneeumelaninmelanosomal pHmixed melanogenesispheomelaninsignaling pathwaytyrosinase activity

Identifiers

PMID33751833
PMCPMC8861806
OpenAlexW3135255493

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.