ReviewImmunological reviews2021
Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveal PD-1-loss-driven immune dysregulation of pulmonary lymphocytes during earlyMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Construction of RecombinantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Sialomucin CD43 Drives Tuberculosis Immunopathology Across Different Host Genetic Backgrounds.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Rare variable M. tuberculosis antigens induce predominant Th17 responses in human infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Peptide-driven identification of TCRs reveals dynamics and phenotypes of CD4 T cells in tuberculosis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals immune-cell heterogeneity and multicompartment MIF/CD74-related communication in tuberculous and purulent meningitis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Characterization and anti-tuberculosis effects of γδ T cells expanded and activated byVirulence · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Manifestations of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Host-intrinsic and host-extrinsic factors modulate immunity to Mtb infection, reinfection, and noncanonical vaccination routes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Tuberculosis: Persistence, Protection, and Pathology.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells promote monocyte recruitment and differentiation into glycolytic lung macrophages to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis Following COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection: A Case Report.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis requires CD4+ T cells and CD8α+ lymphocytes.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Timing matters in macrophage/CD4+ T cell interactions: an agent-based model comparingmSystems · 2025Article
- Antimycobacterial and immunomodulatory activities of sorafenib in a preclinical mouse model of TB infection through CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Polyfunctionality of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Activation and proliferation profiles of M.tuberculosis specific dual functional CD4+T cells from smear negative pulmonary TB patients.PloS one · 2025Article
- A novel method for characterizing cell-cell interactions at single-cell resolution reveals unique signatures in blood T cell-monocyte complexes during infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- B cells in perivascular and peribronchiolar granuloma-associated lymphoid tissue and B-cell signatures identify asymptomaticInfection and immunity · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non-pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb-specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.