Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33751028›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021

Recurrent Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis in Adults.

Liora Ter Horst, Matthijs C Brouwer, Arie van der Ende, Diederik van de Beek

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023
    Guideline
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Recurrent community-acquired pneumococcal meningitis in adults with and without identified predisposing factors.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
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  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Liora Ter HorstAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam.
Matthijs C BrouwerAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam.
Arie van der EndeAmsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Diederik van de BeekAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam.
University of Amsterdam · NLAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NL

Funding

Academic Medical CenterEuropean Research CouncilNational Institute of Public Health and the Environmental Protection, Bilthoven IIR WI173197Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development .17.308
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecurrent bacterial meningitis has been found to occur in about 5% of meningitis cases.

methodsWe analyzed adults with recurrent episodes in a prospective nationwide cohort study of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.

resultsOf 2264 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis between 2006 and 2018, 143 (6%) were identified as recurrent episodes in 123 patients. The median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR], 43-66), and 57 episodes (46%) occurred in men. The median duration between the first and the current episode was 5 years (IQR, 1-15). For 82 of 123 patients (67%), it was the first recurrent episode, 31 patients had 2-5 previous episodes (25%), 2 had 6-10 episodes (2%), and 2 had >10 episodes (2%). Predisposing factors were identified in 87 of 118 patients (74%) and most commonly consisted of ear or sinus infections (43 of 120, 36%) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (37 of 116, 32%). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (93 of 143, 65%) and Haemophilus influenzae (19 of 143, 13%). The outcome was unfavorable (Glasgow outcome scale score, <5) in 24 episodes with recurrent meningitis (17%) vs 810 for nonrecurrent meningitis patients (39%, P < .001). Six of 143 died (4%) vs 362 of 2095 patients (17%, P < .001).

conclusionsRecurrent meningitis occurs mainly in patients with ear or sinus infections and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Predominant causative pathogens are S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. The disease course is less severe, resulting in lower case fatality compared with nonrecurrent meningitis patients.

Indexed as

Meningitis, BacterialAdultCohort StudiesHaemophilus influenzaeHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesStreptococcus pneumoniaebacterial meningitispredisposing factorrecurrent meningitisvaccination

Identifiers

PMID33751028
PMCPMC8563215
OpenAlexW3135054338

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.