Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33750971›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Teaching critical thinking about health using digital technology in lower secondary schools in Rwanda: A qualitative context analysis.

Michael Mugisha, Anne Marie Uwitonze, Faith Chesire, Ronald Senyonga, Matt Oxman, Allen Nsangi, Daniel Semakula, Margaret Kaseje, Simon Lewin, Nelson Sewankambo and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Michael MugishaInstitute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anne Marie UwitonzeSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Faith ChesireInstitute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ronald SenyongaInstitute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Matt OxmanCentre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-6323-9620
Allen NsangiDepartment of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Daniel SemakulaDepartment of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Margaret KasejeTropical Institute of Community Health and Development, Kisumu, Kenya.
Simon LewinCentre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Nelson SewankamboDepartment of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Laetitia NyirazinyoyeSchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Andrew D OxmanCentre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Sarah RosenbaumCentre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-8334-7664
Makerere University · UGNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOUniversity of Oslo · NOUniversity of Rwanda · RWSouth African Medical Research Council · ZATropical Institute Of Community Health And Development · KE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAdolescents encounter misleading claims about health interventions that can affect their health. Young people need to develop critical thinking skills to enable them to verify health claims and make informed choices. Schools could teach these important life skills, but educators need access to suitable learning resources that are aligned with their curriculum. The overall objective of this context analysis was to explore conditions for teaching critical thinking about health interventions using digital technology to lower secondary school students in Rwanda.

methodsWe undertook a qualitative descriptive study using four methods: document review, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. We reviewed 29 documents related to the national curriculum and ICT conditions in secondary schools. We conducted 8 interviews and 5 focus group discussions with students, teachers, and policy makers. We observed ICT conditions and use in five schools. We analysed the data using a framework analysis approach.

resultsTwo major themes found. The first was demand for teaching critical thinking about health. The current curriculum explicitly aims to develop critical thinking competences in students. Critical thinking and health topics are taught across subjects. But understanding and teaching of critical thinking varies among teachers, and critical thinking about health is not being taught. The second theme was the current and expected ICT conditions. Most public schools have computers, projectors, and internet connectivity. However, use of ICT in teaching is limited, due in part to low computer to student ratios.

conclusionsThere is a need for learning resources to develop critical thinking skills generally and critical thinking about health specifically. Such skills could be taught within the existing curriculum using available ICT technologies. Digital resources for teaching critical thinking about health should be designed so that they can be used flexibly across subjects and easily by teachers and students.

Indexed as

Digital TechnologyHealthQualitative ResearchSchoolsThinkingAdolescentCurriculumFemaleHealth ResourcesHumansLearningMalePolicyRwandaStudents

Identifiers

PMID33750971
PMCPMC7984628
OpenAlexW3137359830

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.