SynthesisPloS one2021
Antenatal corticosteroids for impending late preterm (34-36+6 weeks) deliveries-A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at-risk neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Antenatal corticosteroids in specific groups at risk of preterm birth: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Antenatal Corticosteroids to Asian Women Prior to Elective Cesarean Section at Early Term and Effects on Neonatal Respiratory Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Antenatal Corticosteroids: Short-Term Gains, Long-Term Questions-A Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparison of obstetric, maternal, and neonatal outcomes between preterm prelabor rupture of membranes at 34 + 0-36 + 6 weeks and term prelabor rupture of membranes at ≥ 37 weeks.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Predicting neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in late preterm infants.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Defining the Timing Window: Week- and Interval-Specific Effects of Antenatal Betamethasone in Late-Preterm Births.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy in Late Preterm Twins: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Respiratory distress in late-preterm neonates: from controversy to consensus - a survey of regional advisory boards and neonatologists in France.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Late preterm antenatal steroid use and infant outcomes in a single center.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Article
- The contribution of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy to late preterm and term admissions to neonatal units in the UK 2012-2020 and opportunities to avoid admission: A population-based study using the National Neonatal Research Database.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2024Article
- Late Preterm Antenatal Steroid Use and Infant Outcomes in a Single Center.Research square · 2023Article
- Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment During the Late-Preterm Period and Neonatal Outcomes for Twin Pregnancies.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Neonatal hypoglycemia following antenatal corticosteroid treatment prior to elective cesarean delivery during the early term period: a meta-analysis.AJOG global reports · 2023Review
- The role of antenatal corticosteroids in twin pregnancy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Associations Between Maternal Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment and Psychological Developmental and Neurosensory Disorders in Children.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- US Incidence of Late-Preterm Steroid Use and Associated Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity After Publication of the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial, 2015-2017.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Administration of Antenatal Corticosteroids: Current State of Knowledge.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdministration of antenatal corticosteroids (ANC) for impending preterm delivery beyond 34 weeks of gestation continues to be a controversial issue despite various guidelines for obstetricians and gynaecologists.
objectiveTo compare outcomes following exposure to ANC for infants born between 34-36+6 weeks' gestation.
methodsA systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) reporting neonatal outcomes after ANC exposure between 34-36+6 weeks' gestation using Cochrane methodology. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane Central library and Google Scholar were searched in May 2020. Primary outcomes: (1) Need for respiratory support (Mechanical ventilation, CPAP, high flow) or oxygen (2) Hypoglycemia. Secondary outcomes included respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnoea of newborn (TTN), need for neonatal resuscitation at birth [only in the delivery room immediately after birth (not in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)], admission to NICU, mortality and developmental follow up. Level of evidence (LOE) was summarised by GRADE guidelines. MAIN
resultsSeven RCTs (N = 4144) with low to high risk of bias were included. Only one RCT was from high income countries, Meta-analysis (random-effects model) showed (1) reduced need for respiratory support [5 RCTs (N = 3844); RR = 0.68 (0.47-0.98), p = 0.04; I2 = 55%; LOE: Moderate] and (2) higher risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia [4 RCTs (N = 3604); RR = 1.61(1.38-1.87), p<0.00001; I2 = 0%; LOE: High] after ANC exposure. Neonates exposed to ANC had reduced need for resuscitation at birth. The incidence of RDS, TTN and surfactant therapy did not differ significantly. None of the included studies reported long-term developmental follow up.
conclusionsModerate quality evidence indicates that ANC exposure reduced need for respiratory support, and increased the risk of hypoglycaemia in late preterm neonates. Large definitive trials with adequate follow up for neurodevelopmental outcomes are required to assess benefits and risks of ANC in this population.
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Registered trials
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