Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33750955›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

The impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes among hospital fever clinic attendants across Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

Hridaya Raj Devkota, Tula Ram Sijali, Ramji Bogati, Meraj Ahmad, Karuna Laxmi Shakya, Pratik Adhikary

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Review
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  9. The Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic among Emerging Adults: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Observational
  10. Article
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  12. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on learning status of student in Nepal.Journal of education and health promotion · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hridaya Raj DevkotaCommunity Support Association of Nepal (COSAN), Kathmandu, Nepal.ORCID 0000-0002-2892-5836
Tula Ram SijaliCommunity Support Association of Nepal (COSAN), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Ramji BogatiCommunity Support Association of Nepal (COSAN), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Meraj AhmadManipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
Karuna Laxmi ShakyaCentral Institute of Science and Technology (CIST) College (Affiliated to Pokhara University), Pokhara, Nepal.
Pratik AdhikaryUC Berkeley/Institute for Social and Environmental Research, ISER-N, Bharatpur, Nepal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has been creating a panic and distressing situations among the entire population globally including Nepal. No study has been conducted assessing the psychological impact of this pandemic on the general public in Nepal. The objective of this study is to assess the mental health status during COVID-19 outbreak and explore the potential influencing factors among the population attending the hospital fever clinics with COVID-19 symptoms.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between May-June, 2020 with a sample of 645 participants aged 18 and above in 26 hospitals across Nepal. Telephone interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire along with a validated psychometric tool, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) scale. The metrics and scores of symptoms and their severity were created and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of potential covariates with outcome variables.

resultsThe prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress were 14%, 7% and 5% respectively. In reference to Karnali, participants from Bagmati province reported higher level of anxiety (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.31-9.06), while stress (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.09-18.32) and depressive symptoms (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.05-9.23) observed higher among the participants in Province 1. Women were more at risk of anxiety (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.83-6.36) than men. Similarly, people currently living in rented houses reported more stress (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.05-8.43) and those living far from family reported higher rates of depressive symptoms (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.03-11.46).

conclusionThe study identified increased prevalence of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms during the initial stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Considering the findings, there is urgent need to develop and implement appropriate community-based mental health programs targeting individuals who have had COVID-19 symptoms and who are prone to develop adverse mental health outcomes.

Indexed as

Mental HealthAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnxiety DisordersCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNepalOdds RatioSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33750955
PMCPMC7984647

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.