Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33750403›Full record

ArticleReproductive health2021

The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws' and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India.

Anvita Dixit, Nandita Bhan, Tarik Benmarhnia, Elizabeth Reed, Susan M Kiene, Jay Silverman, Anita Raj

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Reproductive health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07734961 (Beyond the Couple), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07734961 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Beyond the Couple: Gender-Transformative Interventions and Normative Beliefs About Reproductive Decision-Making of Newly Married People in India

TypeinterventionalSponsorTechnical University of MunichRan2025 to 2026Enrolled2,276ConditionsNorm, Social, Autonomy, Relation, FamilyArmsLet Us Grow Together: Economic Wellbeing for Families
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Fertility Desires and Contraceptive Transition.Population and development review · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Anvita DixitCenter on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA. anvita.dixit@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-8628
Nandita BhanCenter on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
Tarik BenmarhniaScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Elizabeth ReedDivision of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
Susan M KieneDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
Jay SilvermanCenter on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
Anita RajCenter on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
San Diego State University · USUniversity of California San Diego · USScripps Institution of Oceanography · US

Funding

Enhancing male participation in interventions to prevent unintended pregnancyR01HD084453 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI RAJ, ANITA · 2017 to 2021
$2.8M
David and Lucile Packard Foundation #2017-66705Gates Foundation INV-002967National Institutes of Health (NIH) 5R01HD084453-01A1NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD084453
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMarried adolescent girls are vulnerable to risky sexual and reproductive health outcomes. We examined the association of fertility pressure from in-laws' early in marriage with contraceptive use ever, parity, time until first birth, and couple communication about family size, among married adolescent girls.

methodsData were taken from a cross-sectional survey with married girls aged 15-19 years (N = 4893) collected from September 2015 to July 2016 in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Multivariable regression assessed associations between in-laws' fertility pressure and each outcome, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.

resultsWe found that 1 in 5 girls experienced pressure from in-laws' to have a child immediately after marriage. In-laws' fertility pressure was associated with lower parity (Adj. β Coef. - 0.10, 95% CI - 0.17, - 0.37) and couple communication about family size (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.39, 2.26), but not contraceptive use or time until birth.

conclusionsOur study adds to the literature identifying that in-laws' pressure on fertility is common, affects couple communication about family size, and may be more likely for those yet to have a child, but may have little effect impeding contraceptive use in a context where such use is not normative.

Indexed as

FertilityAdolescentContraceptionContraception BehaviorCross-Sectional StudiesDecision MakingFamily Planning ServicesFemaleHumansIndiaMarriagePregnancyYoung AdultFamily planningFertilityIndiaIn-laws’ pressureMarried adolescent girls

Identifiers

PMID33750403
PMCPMC7941884
OpenAlexW3110450803

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.