ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Meningeal CGRP-Prolactin Interaction Evokes Female-Specific Migraine Behavior.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prolactin and pain of endometriosis.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparative Electrophysiological Analysis of Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Mice.eNeuro · 2026Article
- Peri-adolescent ethanol exposure differentially affects mechanical and thermal sensitivity in rats.The journal of pain · 2026Article
- Lymphotoxin-beta receptor controls the development of chronic pain.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Masticatory myalgia to headache-like secondary hypersensitivity induces gene plasticity at dura mater.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- The therapeutic pipeline in migraine: What does the future hold?Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Spinal glial cell derived extra-pituitary prolactin contributes to postoperative pain in females.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Macrophages and iNOS contribute to the effects of dural prolactin and repeated stress in mouse migraine models.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Dopamine and prolactin in migraine: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Migraine in men - differences in phenotype and treatment patterns: results from the Migraine in Poland cross-sectional national survey.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- The role and interaction of hypothalamic-related neurotransmitters in migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Advancing understanding of migraine pathophysiology and therapy by consideration of patient sex.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Review
- Meningeal K ATP channels contribute to behavioral responses in preclinical migraine models.Pain · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Migraine. Focus on Mitochondria.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Migraine in men.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Prolactin-induced sensitization of trigeminal nociceptors promotes migraine co-morbidity in endometriosis.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide signaling on migraine-like behavior in animal models: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Prolactin: structure, receptors, and functions.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- The neurotrophic factor artemin and its receptor GFRα3 mediate migraine-like pain via the ion channel TRPM8.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMigraine is three times more common in women. CGRP plays a critical role in migraine pathology and causes female-specific behavioral responses upon meningeal application. These effects are likely mediated through interactions of CGRP with signaling systems specific to females. Prolactin (PRL) levels have been correlated with migraine attacks. Here, we explore a potential interaction between CGRP and PRL in the meninges.
methodsProlactin, CGRP, and receptor antagonists CGRP8-37 or Δ1-9-G129R-hPRL were administered onto the dura of rodents followed by behavioral testing. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine PRL, CGRP and Prolactin receptor (Prlr) expression within the dura. Electrophysiology on cultured and back-labeled trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons was used to assess PRL-induced excitability. Finally, the effects of PRL on evoked CGRP release from ex vivo dura were measured.
resultsWe found that dural PRL produced sustained and long-lasting migraine-like behavior in cycling and ovariectomized female, but not male rodents. Prlr was expressed on dural afferent nerves in females with little-to-no presence in males. Consistent with this, PRL increased excitability only in female TG neurons innervating the dura and selectively sensitized CGRP release from female ex vivo dura. We demonstrate crosstalk between PRL and CGRP systems as CGRP8-37 decreases migraine-like responses to dural PRL. Reciprocally, Δ1-9-G129R-hPRL attenuates dural CGRP-induced migraine behaviors. Similarly, Prlr deletion from sensory neurons significantly reduced migraine-like responses to dural CGRP.
interpretationThis CGRP-PRL interaction in the meninges is a mechanism by which these peptides could produce female-selective responses and increase the prevalence of migraine in women. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1129-1144.
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Registered trials
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