ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021
Associations Between Retinal Artery/Vein Occlusions and Risk of Vascular Dementia.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does retinal vascular occlusion increase the risk of dementia? A pioneering systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Retinal Artery Occlusion and Incident Dementia in the All of Us Research Program: Detection Bias Calibration with Prespecified Negative-Control Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2026Article
- Associations between dementia and exposure to topical glaucoma medications.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Associations Between Retinal Vascular Occlusions and Dementia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessing Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Using Electronic Health Record Data: A Scoping Review.Research square · 2024Article
- [Internistic clarification of retinal vascular occlusions].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- The Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Whole-Genome Sequencing Project: Study design and methodology.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Retinal artery occlusion does not act as an independent marker of upcoming dementia: results from a Danish 20-year cohort study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Retinal Vein Occlusion Amongst People Vaccinated by mRNA- and Viral Vector- COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Risk Factors and Treatment Strategy for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Altered synchronous neural activities in retinal vein occlusion patients: A resting-state fMRI study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Retinal vasculometry associations with cognition status in UK Biobank.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVascular disease is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia in older adults. Retinal artery/vein occlusion (RAVO) is an ophthalmic complication of systemic vascular pathology. Whether there are associations between RAVO and dementia risk is unknown.
objectiveTo determine whether RAVOs are associated with an increased risk of developing vascular dementia or AD.
methodsData from Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study participants were analyzed. This prospective, population-based cohort study followed older adults (age ≥65 years) who were dementia-free at enrollment for development of vascular dementia or AD based on research criteria. RAVO diagnoses were extracted from electronic medical records. Cox-regression survival analyses were stratified by APOEɛ4 genotype and adjusted for demographic and clinical factors.
resultsOn review of 41,216 person-years (4,743 participants), 266 (5.6%) experienced RAVO. APOEɛ4 carriers who developed RAVO had greater than four-fold higher risk for developing vascular dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR] 4.54, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.86, 11.10, p = 0.001). When including other cerebrovascular disease (history of carotid endarterectomy or transient ischemic attack) in the model, the risk was three-fold higher (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.23, 7.62). No other conditions evaluated in the secondary analyses were found to confound this relationship. There was no effect in non-APOEɛ4 carriers (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.37, 2.80). There were no significant associations between RAVO and AD in either APOE group.
conclusionOlder dementia-free patients who present with RAVO and carry the APOEɛ4 allele appear to be at higher risk for vascular dementia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.