ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome and Its Impact on Caregiver Distress.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symptoms and age of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- The Use of the Anxiety, Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS) as a Screening Instrument for Depression and Mental Health Diagnoses in a Down Syndrome Specialty Clinic.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Article
- What Guides Organizations' Current Dementia-Related Practices Across Four Canadian Provinces?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Assessment of cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome and dementia: a systematic review.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Review
- Mid-life sleep is associated with cognitive performance later in life in aging American Indians: data from the Strong Heart Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Characterization of Apathy-Like Behaviors in Mouse Models of Down Syndrome.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Correlation between white matter hyperintensity and delusional symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Pediatric Patients with Down Syndrome: A Challenge for Tailoring Physical Activity Interventions.Pediatric reports · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy responsiveness and risk of relapse in Down syndrome regression disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Observational
- Tiny Toes to Tau Tangles: Down's Syndrome and Its Association With Alzheimer's Disease.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are non-cognitive manifestations common to dementia and other medical conditions, with important consequences for the patient, caregivers, and society. Studies investigating NPS in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and dementia are scarce.
objectiveCharacterize NPS and caregiver distress among adults with DS using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).
methodsWe evaluated 92 individuals with DS (≥30 years of age), divided by clinical diagnosis: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and AD. Diagnosis was determined by a psychiatrist using the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down's Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS). NPS and caregiver distress were evaluated by an independent psychiatrist using the NPI, and participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment with Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG-DS).
resultsSymptom severity differed between-groups for delusion, agitation, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behavior disturbance, and total NPI scores, with NPS total score being found to be a predictor of AD in comparison to stable cognition (OR for one-point increase in the NPI = 1.342, p = 0.012). Agitation, apathy, nighttime behavior disturbances, and total NPI were associated with CAMCOG-DS, and 62% of caregivers of individuals with AD reported severe distress related to NPS. Caregiver distress was most impacted by symptoms of apathy followed by nighttime behavior, appetite/eating abnormalities, anxiety, irritability, disinhibition, and depression (R2 = 0.627, F(15,76) = 8.510, p < 0.001).
conclusionNPS are frequent and severe in individuals with DS and AD, contributing to caregiver distress. NPS in DS must be considered of critical relevance demanding management and treatment. Further studies are warranted to understand the biological underpinnings of such symptoms.
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