Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33749371›Full record

ReviewJournal of primary care & community health

Optimal Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Addressing the Barriers to Albuminuria Testing.

Elena A Christofides, Niraj Desai

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Diabetic kidney disease, biomarkers, and finerenone.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elena A ChristofidesEndocrinology Associates Inc, Columbus, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1595-9906
Niraj DesaiCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Columbus Oncology and Hematology Associates · USUniversity School · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a sensitive and early indicator of kidney damage, which should be used routinely to accurately assess CKD stage and monitor kidney health. However, this test currently is performed in only a minority of patients with T2D. Here, we review the importance of albuminuria testing and current barriers that hinder patient access to UACR testing and describe solutions to such testing in a community clinical setting.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAlbuminuriaEarly DiagnosisHumansAlbuminuriachronicChronic kidney diseaseDiabetesDiabetes mellitusDiabetic nephropathiesMonitoringRenal insufficiencyScreeningUACRUrine albumin-to-creatinine ratio

Identifiers

PMID33749371
PMCPMC7983418
OpenAlexW3135909533

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.