ArticleiScience2021
Azathioprine antagonizes aberrantly elevated lipid metabolism and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma.
Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the Link Between Azathioprine and Acute Pancreatitis: Integrating Network Toxicology, Machine Learning, and Mendelian Randomization.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Structural pharmacogenomics of drug-associated SNPs in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Targeted Therapies and Pharmacologic Advances in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: A Comprehensive Review.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Review
- Azathioprine promotes intestinal epithelial cell differentiation into Paneth cells and alleviates ileal Crohn's disease severity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- HSV1 microRNAs in glioblastoma development: an in silico study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Differential Proteome Profiling Analysis under Pesticide Stress by the Use of a Nano-UHPLC-MS/MS Untargeted Proteomic-Based Approach on a 3D-Developed Neurospheroid Model: Identification of Protein Interactions, Prognostic Biomarkers, and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Human IDH Mutant High-Grade Gliomas.Journal of proteome research · 2023Article
- Label-Free Raman Spectromicroscopy Unravels the Relationship between MGMT Methylation and Intracellular Lipid Accumulation in Glioblastoma.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Evolving Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Pediatric CNS Tumors: The Impact of Lipid Metabolism.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Key events in cancer: Dysregulation of SREBPs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The IL13α 2R paves the way for anti-glioma nanotherapy.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Hypothesis-generating proteome perturbation to identify NEU-4438 and acoziborole modes of action in the African Trypanosome.iScience · 2022Article
- Rational drug combination design in patient-derived avatars reveals effective inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma with proteasome and CDK inhibitors.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Article
- Ultrasonic Microbubble Cavitation Enhanced Tissue Permeability and Drug Diffusion in Solid Tumor Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Lipid metabolism in autoimmune rheumatic disease: implications for modern and conventional therapies.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Review
- Glioblastoma patient-derived cell-based phenotypic drug screening and identification of possible action mechanisms through proteomic analysis.STAR protocols · 2021Article
- Autophagy Modulators in Cancer: Focus on Cancer Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with poor survival rate. Temozolomide (TMZ) is used as standard chemotherapy to treat GBM, but a large number of patients either respond poorly and/or develop resistance after long-term use, emphasizing the need to develop potent drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here, using high-throughput compound screening (HTS), we found that azathioprine, an immunosuppressant, is a promising therapeutic agent to treat TMZ-resistant GBM. Through integrative genome-wide analysis and global proteomic analysis, we found that elevated lipid metabolism likely due to hyperactive EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1 signaling was inhibited by azathioprine. Azathioprine also promoted ER stress-induced apoptosis. Analysis of orthotopic xenograft models injected with patient-derived GBM cells revealed reduced tumor volume and increased apoptosis after azathioprine and TMZ co-treatment. These data indicate that azathioprine could be a powerful therapeutic option for TMZ-resistant GBM patients.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.