Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33748416›Full record

ArticleIEEE robotics and automation letters2021

A Constant-Force End-Effector With Online Force Adjustment for Robotic Ultrasonography.

X Bao, S Wang, R Housden, J Hajnal, K Rhode

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE robotics and automation letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

X BaoSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonKing's Health Partners, St Thomas' HospitalSE1 7EHLondonU.K.
S WangState Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex SystemsInstitute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China.
R HousdenSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonKing's Health Partners, St Thomas' HospitalSE1 7EHLondonU.K.
J HajnalSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonKing's Health Partners, St Thomas' HospitalSE1 7EHLondonU.K.
K RhodeSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College LondonKing's Health Partners, St Thomas' HospitalSE1 7EHLondonU.K.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 102431Wellcome Trust 203148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this letter, we propose a novel constant-force end-effector (CFEE) to address current limitations in robotic ultrasonography. The CFEE uses a parallel, motor-spring-based solution to precisely generate constant operating forces over a wide range and enable the ultrasound (US) probe to adapt to the abdominal contours autonomously. A displacement measurement unit was developed to realize the acquisition of probe position and precise control of the operating force. Moreover, the operating force can be adjusted online to maintain safety and continuity of operation. Simulations and experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance. Results show that the proposed CFEE can provide constant forces of 4-12 N with displacements of 0-8 mm. The maximum relative error of force generation is 8.28%, and the accuracy and precision for displacement measurement are 0.29 mm and ±0.16 mm, respectively. Various operating forces can be adjusted online during the same operation. Ultrasound images acquired by the proposed CFEE are of equally good quality compared to a manual sonographer scan. The proposed CFEE would have potential further medical applications.

Indexed as

constant forceend-effectoronline force adjustmentRobotic ultrasonography

Identifiers

PMID33748416
PMCPMC7968128

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.