ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2021
Printability, Durability, Contractility and Vascular Network Formation in 3D Bioprinted Cardiac Endothelial Cells Using Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogels.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human cardiovascular organoids: Biomedical applications and ethical challenges.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Endothelial Hydrogels Improve Microvascular Regeneration and Perfusion in Tracheal Scaffolds.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Protocol for extrusion 3D bioprinting of human-scale cardiac patches using cardiac spheroid-laden bioinks.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Patient-Derived 3D Bioprinted Cardiac Organoid Constructs Reveal Key Pathological Features of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Integrating Bioprinting and Increased Throughput: Next-Generation Models for Cardiac Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bioprinting for drug screening: A path toward reducing animal testing or redefining preclinical research?Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Hydrogels in Cardiac Surgery: Versatile Platforms for Tissue Repair, Adhesion Prevention, and Localized Therapeutics.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Engineering functional electroconductive hydrogels for targeted therapy in myocardial infarction repair.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Expansion of functional human salivary acinar cell spheroids with reversible thermo-ionically crosslinked 3D hydrogels.International journal of oral science · 2025Article
- Article
- Self-Organization of Long-Lasting Human Endothelial Capillary-Like Networks Guided by DLP Bioprinting.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Synthesis of Alginate/Collagen Bioink for Bioprinting Respiratory Tissue Models.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Review
- Advances in 3D bioprinting for regenerative medicine applications.Regenerative biomaterials · 2024Review
- Construction of a novel cell-free tracheal scaffold promoting vascularization for repairing tracheal defects.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering: Crosslinking, Printing Techniques, and Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Application of biomedical materials in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- 3D Bioprinting for Vascularization.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mending a broken heart by biomimetic 3D printed natural biomaterial-based cardiac patches: a review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- 316Engineered extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of miR-199a-3p increases the viability of 3D-printed cardiac patches.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background3D bioprinting cardiac patches for epicardial transplantation are a promising approach for myocardial regeneration. Challenges remain such as quantifying printability, determining the ideal moment to transplant, and promoting vascularisation within bioprinted patches. We aimed to evaluate 3D bioprinted cardiac patches for printability, durability in culture, cell viability, and endothelial cell structural self-organisation into networks.
methodsWe evaluated 3D-bioprinted double-layer patches using alginate/gelatine (AlgGel) hydrogels and three extrusion bioprinters (REGEMAT3D, INVIVO, BIO X). Bioink contained either neonatal mouse cardiac cell spheroids or free (not-in-spheroid) human coronary artery endothelial cells with fibroblasts, mixed with AlgGel. To test the effects on durability, some patches were bioprinted as a single layer only, cultured under minimal movement conditions or had added fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel (AlloECM). Controls included acellular AlgGel and gelatin methacryloyl (GELMA) patches.
resultsPrintability was similar across bioprinters. For AlgGel compared to GELMA: resolutions were similar (200-700 μm line diameters), printing accuracy was 45 and 25%, respectively (AlgGel was 1.7x more accurate;
conclusionAlgGel-based 3D bioprinted heart patches permit cardiomyocyte contractility and endothelial cell structural self-organisation. After bioprinting, a period of 2 weeks maturation in culture prior to transplantation may be optimal, allowing for a degree of tissue maturation but before many patches start to lose integrity. We quantify AlgGel printability and present novel factors which reduce AlgGel patch durability (layer number, movement, and the addition of AlloECM) and factors which had minimal effect on durability (bioprinting system and cellular patch content).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.