ArticleFrontiers in public health2021
Combination Effect of Outdoor Activity and Screen Exposure on Risk of Preschool Myopia: Findings From Longhua Child Cohort Study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of Outdoor Time in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Global risk factor analysis of myopia onset in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Kindergarten type, preschool educational environment, and screening-defined myopia in Japanese preschool children.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Factors affecting outdoor time and screentime in the context of preschool myopia prevention: a mixed-methods study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Near-work activity duration and myopia in children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Parental awareness of screen use and myopia risk in children: a study among Turkish parents.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Potential social-environmental factors affecting ADHD symptoms of 55,528 children from Longhua district, Shenzhen, China.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Association between early childhood outdoor activity and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Meibomian gland atrophy in children with allergic conjunctivitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Refraction and ocular biometric parameters in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children : a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Screen Time at 6 Years Old and Visual Function in Early Adolescence.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Ginkgo biloba extracts improve choroidal circulation leading to suppression of myopia in mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Associations of Children's Close Reading Distance and Time Spent Indoors with Myopia, Based on Parental Questionnaire.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status in children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The Influence of Parents' Background and Their Perception on the Progression of Myopia in Children.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Article
- Association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring aged 3-6 years: A Chinese population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children.Frontiers in public health · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence regarding screen use and outdoor activity during very early childhood (i. e., from aged 1 to 3 years) and their potential combined links to the later preschool myopia is limited. This information is needed to release effective public health messages and propose intervention strategies against preschool myopia. We collected information regarding very early childhood screen use, outdoor activity and the kindergartens vision screenings of 26,611 preschoolers from Longhua Child Cohort Study by questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between reported outdoor activity, screen use from 1 to 3 years of age, and preschool myopia. Throughout very early childhood, from 1 to 3 years, the proportion of children exposed to screens increased (from 35.8 to 68.4%,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.