ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Microsatellite Instability in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 440 Patients.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Novel insights into triple-negative breast cancer heterogeneity, prognosis, and treatment response based on matrix stiffness: a combined single-Cell and transcriptome analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Challenges and Clinical Implications of Microsatellite Instability/Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Solid Tumors.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Review
- Evidence and gaps in tumor-agnostic therapies for breast cancer: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2026Review
- Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Treatment Responsive Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2025Review
- Wnt signaling in cancer: from biomarkers to targeted therapies and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Immune monitoring of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evolving Management of Breast Cancer in the Era of Predictive Biomarkers and Precision Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Mismatch repair protein deficiency in triple-negative breast carcinomas.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- The Role of SPEN Mutations as Predictive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Expert consensus on the clinical application of immunotherapy in breast cancer: 2024.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2024Review
- Review
- Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Sensitive to Pembrolizumab: Evidence of the Pathogenicity of the MLH1 Variant 1835del3.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2023Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Targeted Therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Immune Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Improving the Predictivity of Current Testing Methods.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- New Biomarkers and Treatment Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The molecular landscape of breast mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Immunotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Promises and Challenges.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Combination Strategies to Improve Outcome.Cancers · 2023Review
- Systemic therapy for early-stage breast cancer: learning from the past to build the future.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the status of mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to examine correlations between MMR/MSI status and clinicopathological parameters.
methodsWe retrospectively collected tissue samples from 440 patients with TNBC and constructed tissue microarrays. Protein expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also analyzed 195 patient samples using MSI polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Correlations between MSI status and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed.
resultsThe median age of the cohort was 49 years (range: 24-90 years) with a median follow-up period of 68 months (range: 1-170 months). All samples were positive for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, except for one sample identified as MMR-deficient (dMMR) by IHC, with loss of MSH2 and intact MSH6 expression. MSI PCR revealed no case with high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), whereas 14 (7.2%) and 181 (92.8%) samples demonstrated low-frequency and absence of MSI events, respectively. The dMMR sample harbored low-frequency instability, as revealed by MSI PCR, and a possible
conclusionsThe incidence of dMMR/MSI-H is extremely low in TNBC, and rare discordant MSI PCR/MMR IHC results may be encountered. Moreover, MMR/MSI status may be of limited prognostic value. Further studies are warranted to explore other predictive immunotherapy biomarkers for TNBC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.