ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2021
Relationship between duty factor and external forces in slow recreational runners.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Running is associated with intervertebral disc adaptations: a pre-planned secondary analysis of the ASTEROID randomised controlled trial.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Trial
- The Heel-Strike Fallacy and Cadence Beliefs in Distance Running: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Mind to Move: A Narrative Review of Individualized Running Biomechanics Beyond the Spring-Mass Model.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Gait Asymmetry and Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Preliminary Study.Biology · 2025Article
- Running Shoe Recommendations Based on Gait Analysis Improve Perceptions of Comfort, Performance and Injury Risk: A Single-Blind Randomised Crossover Trial.Translational sports medicine · 2025Article
- Habitual Running Style Matters: Duty Factor, and Not Stride Frequency, Relates to Loading Magnitude.Journal of human kinetics · 2024Article
- Associations between Racing Thoroughbred Movement Asymmetries and Racing and Training Direction.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Parameterization of Biomechanical Variables through Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in Occasional Healthy Runners.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Predicting overstriding with wearable IMUs during treadmill and overground running.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners.PloS one · 2024Article
- Using statistical parametric mapping to assess the association of duty factor and step frequency on running kinetic.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Effect of Running Exercise on Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Characteristics of College Students with Depression.Scanning · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRecreational runners show a large interindividual variation in spatiotemporal characteristics. This research focused on slow runners and intended: (1) to document the variance in duty factor (DF) between runners in a real-life running setting and (2) examine whether the interindividual variation in DF and stride frequency (SF) relates to differences in external loading parameters between runners.
methodsSpatiotemporal characteristics of 23 slow runners (ie, <2.6 m/s) were determined during a 5.2 km running event. To relate the interindividual variation in DF and SF to differences in external forces between runners (maximal vertical ground reaction force (FzMax), peak braking force (PBF) and vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR)), 14 of them were invited to the lab. They ran at 1.9 m/s on a treadmill while ground reaction forces were recorded. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of DF and SF on external force measures.
resultsDF between slow runners varied from 42.50% to 56.49% in a recreational running event. DF was found to be a significant predictor of FzMax (R²=0.755) and PBF (R²=0.430). SF only improved the model for PBF, but to a smaller extent than DF (R² change=0.191). For VILR, neither DF nor SF were significant predictors.
conclusionExternal forces are lower in recreational runners that run with higher DFs and slightly lower SFs. These findings may be important for injury prevention purposes, especially directed to recreational runners that are more prone to overuse injuries.
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