ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2021
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Basis and Clinical Significance of the High-risk Phenotype of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- The Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus and Its Resistance-Associated Mutations in the Polymerase Gene in the Americas.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- An Oxford Nanopore Technology-Based Hepatitis B Virus Sequencing Protocol Suitable for Genomic Surveillance Within Clinical Diagnostic Settings.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in HIV Patients from West Mexico: Implications for Controlling and Preventing Viral Hepatitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Detection of hepatitis B virus genotypes in a group of hepatitis B virus-infected patients in central and northern Sri Lanka.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Personalized medicine and nutrition in hepatology for preventing chronic liver disease in Mexico.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Hepatitis B Virus Genotype H: Epidemiological, Molecular, and Clinical Characteristics in Mexico.Viruses · 2023Review
- High Frequency of Antiviral Resistance Mutations in HBV Genotypes A2 and H: Multidrug Resistance Strains in Mexico.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Article
- Host and HBV Interactions and Their Potential Impact on Clinical Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Concealed for a Long Time on the Marches of Empires: Hepatitis B Virus Genotype I.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Tracing the evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype H endemic to Mexico.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Sparse logistic regression revealed the associations between HBV PreS quasispecies and hepatocellular carcinoma.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Viral Kinetics of an Acute Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype F1b Infection in a Mexican Subject.Clinical liver disease · 2022Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Genotype G: The Odd Cousin of the Family.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman's Rho = 0.53,
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