ArticleFrontiers in physiology2021
Structural and Functional Properties of Subsidiary Atrial Pacemakers in a Goat Model of Sinus Node Disease.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anaesthesia for pigs, sheep, goats and cattle involved in biomedical research: FELASA working group guidelines-Parts I-IV.Laboratory animals · 2026Article
- Sinoatrial Node Dynamics: Clinical Relevance and microRNA-Based Modulation of Pacemaker Activity.Cureus · 2025Review
- Pacemaker Channels and the Chronotropic Response in Health and Disease.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Functional Hierarchy of Pacemaker Clusters in the Sinoatrial Node: New Insights into Sick Sinus Syndrome.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe sinoatrial/sinus node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. In humans, SAN is surrounded by the paranodal area (PNA). Although the PNA function remains debated, it is thought to act as a subsidiary atrial pacemaker (SAP) tissue and become the dominant pacemaker in the setting of sinus node disease (SND). Large animal models of SND allow characterization of SAP, which might be a target for novel treatment strategies for SAN diseases.
methodsA goat model of SND was developed (
resultsWhen the SAN was ablated, SAPs featured a shortened atrioventricular conduction, consistent with the location in proximity of atrioventricular junction. SAP recovery time showed significant prolongation compared to the SAN recovery time, followed by a decrease over a follow-up of 4 weeks. Like the SAN tissue, the SAP expressed the main isoform of pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) and Na
conclusionsSAN ablation resulted in the generation of chronic SAP activity in 60% of treated animals. SAP displayed development over time and was located within the previously discovered PNA in humans, suggesting its role as dominant pacemaker in SND. Therefore, SAP in goat constitutes a promising stable target for electrophysiological modification to construct a fully functioning pacemaker.
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