Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33746664›Full record

ReviewEXCLI journal2021

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health.

Paulina Gatarek, Joanna Kaluzna-Czaplinska

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in EXCLI journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05795946 (Effects of a Whole Food Based Nutritional Formulation on Trimethylamine N-oxide and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in Healthy Adults.), which is not on this map. Cited by 168 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
168citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05795946 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effects of a Whole Food Based Nutritional Formulation on Trimethylamine N-oxide and Cardiometabolic Endpoints in Healthy Adults.

TypeinterventionalSponsorStandard Process Inc.Ran2023 to 2024Enrolled14ConditionsNutrition, HealthyArmsWhole food-based B and D vitamins
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

168 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. The microbiota-proteostasis axis: implications in neurodegenerative diseases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
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  16. TMAO Correlates with Transcriptomic Signatures of Leukocyte Activation and Systemic Inflammation Following Burn Injury.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2026
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108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Paulina GatarekInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
Joanna Kaluzna-CzaplinskaInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5106-4667

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to numerous links between trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and various disorders and diseases, this topic is very popular and is often taken up by researchers. TMAO is a low molecular weight compound that belongs to the class of amine oxides. It is formed by the process of oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) by the hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMO1 and FMO3). TMAO is mainly formed from nutritional substrates from the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine/choline, carnitine, betaine, dimethylglycine, and ergothioneine by intestinal microflora in the colon. Its level is determined by many factors, such as age, gender, diet, intestinal microflora composition, kidney function, and also liver flavin monooxygenase activity. Many studies report a positive relationship between the level of TMAO concentration and the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cardiorenal disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and also diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancers (stomach, colon), as well as neurological disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the effects of TMAO on human health, the relationship between TMAO and intestinal microbiota, the role of TMAO in different diseases, and current analytical techniques used in TMAO determination in body fluids.

Indexed as

analytical techniquediseaseshuman healthTMATMAOtrimethylaminetrimethylamine N-oxide

Identifiers

PMID33746664
PMCPMC7975634
OpenAlexW3139395802

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.