ArticlePhysics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)2021
Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow generated during a violent expiratory event.
Article in Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
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- On the efficacy of facial masks to suppress the spreading of pathogen-carrying saliva particles during human respiratory events: Insights gained via high-fidelity numerical modeling.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- A review on indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19- modelling and mitigation approaches.Journal of building engineering · 2023Review
- A computational framework for transmission risk assessment of aerosolized particles in classrooms.Engineering with computers · 2023Article
- Effects of upper respiratory tract anatomy and head movement on the buoyant flow and particle dispersion generated in a violent expiratory event.Journal of aerosol science · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Exposure Assessment Tool (CEAT): Exposure quantification based on ventilation, infection prevalence, group characteristics, and behavior.Science advances · 2022Article
- Prediction of respiratory droplets evolution for safer academic facilities planning amid COVID-19 and future pandemics: A numerical approach.Journal of building engineering · 2022Article
- The effect of relative air humidity on the evaporation timescales of a human sneeze.AIP advances · 2022Article
- Covid-19 Exposure Assessment Tool (CEAT): Easy-to-use tool to quantify exposure based on airflow, group behavior, and infection prevalence in the community.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Comparison between fully resolved and time-averaged simulations of particle cloud dispersion produced by a violent expiratory event.Acta mechanica Sinica = Li xue xue bao · 2022Article
- Experimental study of the dispersion of cough-generated droplets from a person going up- or downstairs.AIP advances · 2022Article
- Large eddy simulation of cough jet dynamics, droplet transport, and inhalability over a ten minute exposure.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Estimates of the stochasticity of droplet dispersion by a cough.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Flow dynamics of droplets expelled during sneezing.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Challenges in simulating and modeling the airborne virus transmission: A state-of-the-art review.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Review
- On the utility of a well-mixed model for predicting disease transmission on an urban bus.AIP advances · 2021Article
- Respiratory droplets interception in fibrous porous media.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- A computational study of expiratory particle transport and vortex dynamics during breathing with and without face masks.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Role of pulsatility on particle dispersion in expiratory flows.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A main route for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) transmission involves airborne droplets and aerosols generated when a person talks, coughs, or sneezes. The residence time and spatial extent of these virus-laden aerosols are mainly controlled by their size and the ability of the background flow to disperse them. Therefore, a better understanding of the role played by the flow driven by respiratory events is key in estimating the ability of pathogen-laden particles to spread the infection. Here, we numerically investigate the hydrodynamics produced by a violent expiratory event resembling a mild cough. Coughs can be split into an initial jet stage during which air is expelled through mouth and a dissipative phase over which turbulence intensity decays as the puff penetrates the environment. Time-varying exhaled velocity and buoyancy due to temperature differences between the cough and the ambient air affect the overall flow dynamics. The direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an idealized isolated cough is used to characterize the jet/puff dynamics using the trajectory of the leading turbulent vortex ring and extract its topology by fitting an ellipsoid to the exhaled fluid contour. The three-dimensional structure of the simulated cough shows that the assumption of a spheroidal puff front fails to capture the observed ellipsoidal shape. Numerical results suggest that, although analytical models provide reasonable estimates of the distance traveled by the puff, trajectory predictions exhibit larger deviations from the DNS. The fully resolved hydrodynamics presented here can be used to inform new analytical models, leading to improved prediction of cough-induced pathogen-laden aerosol dispersion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.