ArticlePhysics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)2021
Simulation-based study of COVID-19 outbreak associated with air-conditioning in a restaurant.
Article in Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Same-day SARS-CoV-2 antigen test screening in an indoor mass-gathering live music event: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Article
- On the efficacy of facial masks to suppress the spreading of pathogen-carrying saliva particles during human respiratory events: Insights gained via high-fidelity numerical modeling.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- The multi-dimensional challenges of controlling respiratory virus transmission in indoor spaces: Insights from the linkage of a microscopic pedestrian simulation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission model.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Development of optimal indoor air disinfection and ventilation protocols for airborne infectious diseases.PloS one · 2024Article
- Heat waves accelerate the spread of infectious diseases.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Investigation of bimodal characteristics of the droplet size distribution in condensation spray.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Investigating the epidemiological and economic effects of a third-party certification policy for restaurants with COVID-19 prevention measures.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A review on indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19- modelling and mitigation approaches.Journal of building engineering · 2023Review
- Improving Indoor Air Ventilation by a Ceiling Fan to Mitigate Aerosols Transmission.Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology · 2023Article
- Agent-Based Simulation for Infectious Disease Modelling over a Period of Multiple Days, with Application to an Airport Scenario.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Reducing Virus Transmission from Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems of Urban Subways.Toxics · 2022Article
- A frontal air intake may improve the natural ventilation in urban buses.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of upper respiratory tract anatomy and head movement on the buoyant flow and particle dispersion generated in a violent expiratory event.Journal of aerosol science · 2022Article
- Risk assessment for long- and short-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, indoors and outdoors.PNAS nexus · 2022Article
- Optimized mechanism for fast removal of infectious pathogen-laden aerosols in the negative-pressure unit.Journal of hazardous materials · 2022Article
- The effect of relative air humidity on the evaporation timescales of a human sneeze.AIP advances · 2022Article
- Environmental Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Two Restaurants from a Mid-scale City that Followed U.S. CDC Reopening Guidance.Aerosol and air quality research · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 has shown a high potential of transmission via virus-carrying aerosols as supported by growing evidence. However, detailed investigations that draw direct links between aerosol transport and virus infection are still lacking. To fill in the gap, we conducted a systematic computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based investigation of indoor airflow and the associated aerosol transport in a restaurant setting, where likely cases of airflow-induced infection of COVID-19 caused by asymptomatic individuals were widely reported by the media. We employed an advanced in-house large eddy simulation solver and other cutting-edge numerical methods to resolve complex indoor processes simultaneously, including turbulence, flow-aerosol interplay, thermal effect, and the filtration effect by air conditioners. Using the aerosol exposure index derived from the simulation, we are able to provide a spatial map of the airborne infection risk under different settings. Our results have shown a remarkable direct linkage between regions of high aerosol exposure index and the reported infection patterns in the restaurant, providing strong support to the airborne transmission occurring in this widely reported incident. Using flow structure analysis and reverse-time tracing of aerosol trajectories, we are able to further pinpoint the influence of environmental parameters on the infection risks and highlight the need for more effective preventive measures, e.g., placement of shielding according to the local flow patterns. Our research, thus, has demonstrated the capability and value of high-fidelity CFD tools for airborne infection risk assessment and the development of effective preventive measures.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.