ArticleJournal of epidemiology2021
Changes in Smoking Behavior Since the Declaration of the COVID-19 State of Emergency in Japan: A Cross-sectional Study From the Osaka Health App.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking and vaping: systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Non-linear association between mHealth-measured daily steps and subsequent healthcare expenditures among long-term app users in Osaka, Japan.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Living Alone as a Persistent Risk Factor for Smoking and High-Risk Drinking: A Three-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Korea.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- One-Year Trajectory of Step Counts and Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight/Obesity: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Trends in Combustible Cigarette Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and Related Behaviors among Korean Adults: An 11-Year Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2023).Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Changes in tobacco sales before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: An interrupted time series analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Smoking status and the onset of suicidal ideation among adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoking: A Modifiable Environmental Factor in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.JMA journal · 2025Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Changes in Tobacco Use Behavior: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Japan.Journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Effects of Mobile Health Care App "Asmile" on Physical Activity of 80,689 Users in Osaka Prefecture, Japan: Longitudinal Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Observational
- Contextualizing Changes in e-Cigarette Use During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic and Accompanying Infodemic ("So Much Contradictory Evidence"): Qualitative Document Analysis of Reddit Forums.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Association of remote work with tobacco and alcohol use: a cross-sectional study in Japan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Change in prevalence of smoking during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: a cohort study of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Associations of Individual Characteristics and Socioeconomic Status With Heated Tobacco Product Harmfulness Perceptions in Japan: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study (INFORM Study 2020).Journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- The association of psychological distress and economic and health worries with tobacco smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal cohort study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Risk factors for glioblastoma in adults in Japan: an exploratory cohort study based on the Shizuoka Kokuho Database, the Shizuoka study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- A qualitative study on tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon: Waterpipe and cigarette smokers' views, risk perceptions, and behaviors.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2024Article
- An Examination of Coping Strategies that Moderated the Effects of COVID-19-Related Stress on Anxiety Among Older Adults in Aotearoa/NZ.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Changes in lifestyle-related behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a questionnaire survey for examinees who underwent an annual health check-up.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and infection control measures, including requests to work from home and stay-at-home restrictions, were introduced. This study examined changes in smoking behavior during the COVID-19 state of emergency.
methodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Osaka, Japan. To assess differences in smoking behavior among 5,120 current smokers before and after the declaration of a state of emergency, prevalence ratios (PRs) for two outcomes, increased smoking and quitting smoking, were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression, adjusting for potential covariates.
resultsWe found 32.1% increased the number of cigarettes smoked and 11.9% quit smoking. After adjustment for all variables, we found risk factors for COVID-19 (men and older age group) had both significantly higher PR for quitting smoking (men: PR 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.62) and participants aged ≥65 years: PR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.92-3.12) and significantly lower PR of increased smoking (men: PR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93 and participants ≥65 years: PR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.29-0.49). Additionally, respondents working from home or living alone had significantly higher PR for increased smoking (working from home: PR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.41 and living alone: PR 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.38) and respondents who changed from cigarettes to heated tobacco products (HTPs) had significantly lower PR for quitting smoking (PR 0.150; 95% CI, 0.039-0.582).
conclusionsWe suggest people who have high-risk factors for COVID-19 might change their smoking behavior for the better, while people who work from home or live alone might change their smoking behavior for the worse, during the COVID-19 state of emergency. Additionally, changing from smoking cigarettes to using HTPs makes smokers less likely to quit.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.