SynthesisWorld neurosurgery2021
IgG4-Related Disease of the Skull and Skull Base-A Systematic Review and Report of Two Cases.
Synthesis in World neurosurgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- A case of an immunoglobulin G4 related inflammatory pseudotumor involving the clivus and the nasopharynx: A challenging case of a perplexing entity with an exhaustive overview.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- IgG4-related disease involving distinctive areas of skull base: our experience.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- IgG4-related disease presenting as central skull base osteomyelitis with deep neck abscesses: A case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- [Analysis of diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-related disease involving the nasal cavity and skull base（with 8 case reports）].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Elevated IgG4 in Patients with Nasopharynx and Laryngopharynx Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- IgG4-related disease of the mastoid: a rare presentation of a novel diagnosis.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Atypical Skull-Base Osteomyelitis: Comprehensive Review and Multidisciplinary Management Viewpoints.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor involving the temporal bone disguised as meningioma: a case description and literature analysis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Vision loss caused by immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the skull base complicated by a mucocele of the sphenoid sinus.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Article
- IgG4-related pachymeningitis masquerading as foramen magnum meningioma: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2021Article
- Immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the cavernous sinus with orbit invasion - A case report.Surgical neurology international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an inflammatory process that uncommonly can present in the skull base and calvarium and mimic a tumor but the nature of this condition is not well summarized in the neurosurgical literature.
methodsA review was performed of 2 cases of IgG4-RD in the skull base highlighting the diagnostic challenges with assessment of these skull base lesions, and a systematic review of relevant literature was carried out.
resultsA systematic review of the literature conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines identified 113 articles, with 184 cases of IgG4-RD in the skull base or calvarium. The most commonly affected locations include the meninges, cavernous sinus, base of the posterior fossa, clivus, and mastoid bone. Headache, visual and auditory disturbances, cranial nerve dysfunction, and seizures were the most common presenting symptoms. Medical treatment was highly successful and most commonly consisted of corticosteroids coadministered with immunosuppressive agents such as rituximab. Prevalence seemed to be equal between sexes, and serum IgG4 levels were increased in 61% of patients. Delayed diagnosis and a need for multiple biopsies were reported in numerous cases. Two cases of skull base IgG4-RD from the authors' institution show the variable presentations of this disease. More invasive surgical biopsies were required in both cases, and corticosteroid treatment led to significant clinical improvement.
conclusionsIgG4-RD is an uncommon condition with an increasing body of reported cases that can affect the skull base and calvarium and should be in the differential diagnosis, because delay in diagnosis and treatment may be common.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.