Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33745442›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases of poverty2021

Land use impacts on parasitic infection: a cross-sectional epidemiological study on the role of irrigated agriculture in schistosome infection in a dammed landscape.

Andrea J Lund, David H Rehkopf, Susanne H Sokolow, M Moustapha Sam, Nicolas Jouanard, Anne-Marie Schacht, Simon Senghor, Assane Fall, Gilles Riveau, Giulio A De Leo and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases of poverty, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Prevalence, Intensity, and Risk Factors ofJournal of parasitology research · 2025
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  4. School-Based Epidemiology ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025
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  6. Scoping Review of Climate Change Adaptation Interventions for Health: Implications for Policy and Practice.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Andrea J LundEmmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega Suite 226, Stanford, CA, USA. andrea.janelle.lund@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0880-310X
David H RehkopfDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1701 Page Mill Road Room 229, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Susanne H SokolowWoods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, USA.
M Moustapha SamCentre de Recherche Biomédicale-Espoir Pour La Sante, 263 Route de la Corniche, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Nicolas JouanardStation d'Innovation Aquacole, UGB Cote Cite SAED, BP 524, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Anne-Marie SchachtCentre de Recherche Biomédicale-Espoir Pour La Sante, 263 Route de la Corniche, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Simon SenghorCentre de Recherche Biomédicale-Espoir Pour La Sante, 263 Route de la Corniche, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Assane FallCentre de Recherche Biomédicale-Espoir Pour La Sante, 263 Route de la Corniche, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Gilles RiveauCentre de Recherche Biomédicale-Espoir Pour La Sante, 263 Route de la Corniche, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
Giulio A De LeoHopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
David Lopez-CarrDepartment of Geography, University of California, 4836 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Espoir pour la Sante · SNInstitut Pasteur de Lille · FRStanford University · USPacific University · USPalo Alto Institute · USUniversity of California, Santa Barbara · US

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (US) OPP1114050National Science Foundation (US) 1414102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWater resources development promotes agricultural expansion and food security. But are these benefits offset by increased infectious disease risk? Dam construction on the Senegal River in 1986 was followed by agricultural expansion and increased transmission of human schistosomes. Yet the mechanisms linking these two processes at the individual and household levels remain unclear. We investigated the association between household land use and schistosome infection in children.

methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional household survey data (n = 655) collected in 16 rural villages in August 2016  across demographic, socio-economic and land use dimensions, which were matched to Schistosoma haematobium (n = 1232) and S. mansoni (n = 1222) infection data collected from school-aged children. Mixed effects regression determined the relationship between irrigated area and schistosome infection presence and intensity.

resultsControlling for socio-economic and demographic risk factors, irrigated area cultivated by a household was associated with an increase in the presence of S. haematobium infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.03-1.28) but not S. mansoni infection (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.93-1.11). Associations between infection intensity and irrigated area were positive but imprecise (S. haematobium: rate ratio [RR] = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.98-1.13, S. mansoni: RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.89-1.32).

conclusionsHousehold engagement in irrigated agriculture increases individual risk of S. haematobium but not S. mansoni infection. Increased contact with irrigated landscapes likely drives exposure, with greater impacts on households relying on agricultural livelihoods.

Indexed as

Agricultural IrrigationWater MicrobiologyAdolescentAnimalsChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleParasitic DiseasesRisk FactorsRural PopulationSchistosomaSchistosomiasisSenegalAgricultureExposureLivelihoodsPlanetary healthSchistosomiasisSenegalWater contact

Identifiers

PMID33745442
PMCPMC7983278
OpenAlexW3136361595

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.