ArticleCellular microbiology2021
Quantitative analysis reveals internalisation of Cryptococcus neoformans by brain endothelial cells in vivo.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- ReportedFEMS microbes · 2026Article
- Macropinocytosis mediates neurotropism ofResearch square · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Virulence Factors ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Macropinocytosis as a potential mechanism driving neurotropism ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Clinical Studies to Animal Experiments.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Review
- A dissemination-prone morphotype enhances extrapulmonary organ entry by Cryptococcus neoformans.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Migration of Cryptococcus neoformans from the blood to the brain parenchyma is crucial to cause fatal meningoencephalitis. Although mechanisms involved in brain migration of C. neoformans have been widely studied in vitro, less is known about how the fungus crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. This is in part because of the lack of an approach to quantitatively analyse the dynamics of fungal transmigration into the brain across the BBB in vivo. In this study, we report a novel approach to quantitatively analyse the interactions between C. neoformans and brain endothelial cells in a mouse model using flow cytometry. Using this system, we show that C. neoformans was internalised by brain endothelial cells in vivo and that mice infected with acapsular or heat-killed C. neoformans yeast cells displayed a lower frequency of brain endothelial cells containing the yeast cell compared to mice infected with wild-type or viable yeast cells, respectively. We further demonstrate that brain endothelial cells were invaded by serotype A strain (H99 strain) at a higher rate compared to serotype D strain (52D strain). Our experiments established that internalisation of C. neoformans by brain endothelial cells occurred in vivo and offered a powerful approach to quantitatively analyse fungal migration into the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.