ArticleJournal of youth and adolescence2021
Who Is Exposed to Harmful Online Content? The Role of Risk and Protective Factors Among Czech, Finnish, and Spanish Adolescents.
Article in Journal of youth and adolescence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viewing of Sexually Explicit Internet Material Among Jewish and Arab Adolescents: The Role of Parental Monitoring and Family Communication About Sexuality.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Social-Cognitive Factors in Antisocial Behavior and School Violence: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Greek Vocational Students.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Moral judgment of objectionable online content: Reporting decisions and punishment preferences on social media.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Feelings after Exposure among Adolescents in Nine European Countries: The Role of Individual Factors and Social Characteristics.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Health-related social media use and COVID-19 anxiety in adolescence: health anxiety as covariate and moderator.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although adolescents' exposure to harmful online content has been linked to decreased subjective well-being and offline risky behaviors, there is limited research on the factors that underlie such problematic online behavior. Using the conceptual framework of Problem Behavior Theory, this study examined the role of risk (i.e., emotional problems, sensation seeking) and protective (i.e., the quality of family environment, social support from friends) factors in exposure to harmful online content among 4473 12- to 16-year-olds (M = 13.9, SD = 1.3, 49% girls) in the Czech Republic, Finland, and Spain. Individual country samples included 1848 adolescents from the Czech Republic (age: M = 14, SD = 1.4; 51% girls), 788 from Finland (age: M = 13.9, SD = 1.3; 52% girls), and 1837 from Spain (age: M = 13.5, SD = 1.2; 47% girls). In all of the sampled countries, emotional problems and sensation seeking served as risk factors, whereas good family relationships were protective. In some countries, the effects of emotional problems and sensation seeking were moderated by the quality of the family environment and social support from friends. These moderating effects suggest that individual risk factors for exposure to harmful online content may be buffered by a positive family environment and friends' support. The findings revealed similarities in the risk and protective factors underlying online problem behavior across three different countries. They demonstrate that the mechanisms proposed by Problem Behavior Theory can help to understand the etiology of adolescent problem behavior across different countries as well as offline and online contexts.
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