ReviewArchives of virology2021
The emerging role of probiotics as a mitigation strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Review in Archives of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of a Probiotic Consisting of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Trial
- Effects ofNutrients · 2022Trial
- Serum level of TNF-a, IL-1 and IL-6 and serum biomarkers after nutritional change in patients' ventilator-associated pneumonia.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota and viral respiratory infections: microbial alterations, immune modulation, and impact on disease severity: a narrative review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Modulation and Approaches for Prevention and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Potential of Probiotics as Ingestible Adjuvants and Immune Modulators for Antiviral Immunity and Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Probiotic therapy, African fermented foods and food-derived bioactive peptides in the management of SARS-CoV-2 cases and other viral infections.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events a pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 associated with mortality: An updated review.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Review
- Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Can Probiotics, ParticularlyBiology · 2023Review
- Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- The deciphering of the immune cells and marker signature in COVID-19 pathogenesis: An update.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Review
- Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review.Trends in food science & technology · 2022Review
- Immunometabolism in biofilm infection: lessons from cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Review
- A brief review on DNA vaccines in the era of COVID-19.Future virology · 2021Review
- Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Overview on the Prevalence of Fungal Infections, Immune Response, and Microbiome Role in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2, Trait Anxiety, and the Microbiome.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura as a hematologic manifestation of COVID-19 infection: A case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection accompanied by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has affected millions of people globally. To date, there are no highly efficient therapies for this infection. Probiotic bacteria can interact with the gut microbiome to strengthen the immune system, enhance immune responses, and induce appropriate immune signaling pathways. Several probiotics have been confirmed to reduce the duration of bacterial or viral infections. Immune fitness may be one of the approaches by which protection against viral infections can be reinforced. In general, prevention is more efficient than therapy in fighting viral infections. Thus, probiotics have emerged as suitable candidates for controlling these infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, any approach with the capacity to induce mucosal and systemic reactions could potentially be useful. Here, we summarize findings regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. However, the benefits of probiotics are strain-specific, and it is necessary to identify the bacterial strains that are scientifically established to be beneficial.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.