ArticleNeuroImage2021
Enhancing vs. inhibiting semantic performance with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the anterior temporal lobe: Frequency- and task-specific effects.
Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concept Cells and the Neural Bases of Human Memory.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on semantic memory depends on anodal stimulation sites in patients with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation enhances semantic memory by modulating brain morphology, neurochemistry and neural dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Role of the Anterior Temporal Lobe in Reading: An HD-tDCS Study.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a tool for cognitive enhancement in healthy adults: a review study.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2024Review
- Abnormal functional connectivity density involvement in freezing of gait and its application for subtyping Parkinson's disease.Brain imaging and behavior · 2023Article
- Task modulation of spatiotemporal dynamics in semantic brain networks: An EEG/MEG study.NeuroImage · 2022Article
- Functional Approaches to the Surgery of Brain Gliomas.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Accumulating, converging evidence indicates that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) appears to be the transmodal hub for semantic representation. A series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) investigations utilizing the 'virtual lesion' approach have established the brain-behavioural relationship between the ATL and semantic processing by demonstrating that inhibitory rTMS over the ATL induced impairments in semantic performance in healthy individuals. However, a growing body of rTMS studies suggest that rTMS might also be a tool for cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation, though there has been no previous exploration in semantic cognition. Here, we explored a potential role of rTMS in enhancing and inhibiting semantic performance with contrastive rTMS protocols (1 Hz vs. 20 Hz) by controlling practice effects. Twenty-one healthy participants were recruited and performed an object category judgement task and a pattern matching task serving as a control task before and after the stimulation over the ATL (1 Hz, 20 Hz, and sham). A task familiarization procedure was performed prior to the experiment in order to establish a 'stable baseline' prior to stimulation and thus minimize practice effect. Our results demonstrated that it is possible to modulate semantic performance positively or negatively depending on the ATL stimulation frequency: 20 Hz rTMS was optimal for facilitating cortical processing (faster RT in a semantic task) contrasting with diminished semantic performance after 1 Hz rTMS. In addition to cementing the importance of the ATL to semantic representation, our findings suggest that 20 Hz rTMS leads to semantic enhancement in healthy individuals and potentially could be used for patients with semantic impairments as a therapeutic tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.